CourtListener opinion 10213309

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 
 EASTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN 
 SOUTHERN DIVISION 

DONNA JEAN ZIRBEL, 
 Plaintiff/Counter-Defendant, Case No. 18-13212 
v. Honorable Nancy G. Edmunds 
FORD MOTOR COMPANY, as Sponsor and 
Plan Administrator for the FORD MOTOR 
COMPANY GENERAL RETIREMENT PLAN, 

 Defendant/Counter-Plaintiff. 
________________________________________/ 
OPINION AND ORDER DENYING PLAINTIFF'S MOTION FOR JUDGMENT TO 
 REVERSE THE DECISION OF THE PLAN ADMINSTRATOR AND FOR 
 SUMMARY JUDGMENT ON DEFENDANT'S COUNTERCLAIMS [25] AND 
 GRANTING DEFENDANT'S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT ON 
 PLAINTIFF'S CLAIMS AND ITS COUNTERCLAIMS [26] 

 Plaintiff Donna Jean Zirbel ("Plaintiff") was undisputedly overpaid $243,189.70 in 
benefits by the Ford Motor Company General Retirement Plan ("the plan"), which is 
administered by Defendant Ford Motor Company ("Defendant"). She brings this action 
pursuant to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act ("ERISA"), 29 U.S.C. § 
1132(a)(1)(B), in an attempt to avoid repayment of that amount. Defendant has filed a 
countersuit under 29 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(3), seeking recoupment of the overpaid benefits. 
The matter is currently before the Court on Plaintiff's motion for judgment to reverse the 
decision of the plan administrator and for summary judgment on Defendant's 
counterclaims, (dkts. 25, 31), and Defendant's cross-motion for summary judgment on 
Plaintiff's claims and its counterclaims, (dkts. 26, 27, 28). Both parties filed response 
and reply briefs to the opposing party's motion. (See dkts. 32, 33, 34, 35, 36.) The 
Court held a hearing on the motions on December 11, 2019. For the reasons set forth 
below, the Court DENIES Plaintiff's motion and GRANTS Defendant's motion. 
I. Background1 
 Plaintiff is seventy-five years old and is currently single and living alone. She 
was married for thirty-nine years to Carl Zirbel ("Zirbel"), a former employee of 

Defendant's and a participant in the plan. Plaintiff and Zirbel were divorced in January 
2009. (Dkt. 25-5.) A qualified domestic relations order for the plan was entered on 
February 6, 2009. (Dkt. 25-4.) Pursuant to the order, Plaintiff was to receive fifty 
percent of the marital portion of Zirbel's total benefits both prior to and after his death. 
(Id. at PgID 931-32.) Plaintiff testified that she believed she would receive fifty percent 
of the marital portion of Zirbel's benefits during his lifetime and sixty-five percent of 
those benefits after his death. (See dkt. 25-3, PgID 855-56.) 
 According to Plaintiff's testimony, in March 2009, she contacted Defendant about 
the benefits she was entitled to receive. (Id. at PgID 854.) She was told that her benefit 

would be about $1,300.00 per month. (Id. at PgID 855.) Plaintiff told Defendant that the 
number was incorrect, but let it go for the time being. 
 In May 2011, Plaintiff contacted Defendant again by calling the National 
Employee Service Center ("NESC"), which was operated by a third-party administrator, 
Conduent, about commencing her monthly benefits. (Id.) NESC sent Plaintiff a 
retirement benefit statement, stating her monthly benefits would be in the amount of 

 1 The parties go into much detail regarding the factual background of this case, 
disagreeing over some of the details. The Court, however, will recite the facts only to 
the extent necessary to give context to the parties' arguments and apply the law to their 
claims. Moreover, as will be discussed more fully below, the Count finds there is no 
genuine dispute over any material fact. 
$1,870.67 per month during Zirbel's lifetime and $2,928.55 per month after his death. 
(See dkt. 25-7.) She did not apply to commence benefits at the time. 
 On July 26, 2013, Plaintiff was sent an offer from Defendant pursuant to a "lump 
sum project" being handled by an actuarial firm Defendant contracted with named 
Towers Watson. Plaintiff was told she could take a lump sum in the amount of 

$271,081.50 in place of the future monthly benefit she was entitled to receive as of 
December 1, 2013. (See dkt. 25-8.) In the same offer, Plaintiff was informed that she 
would also receive a one-time payment of $351,689.72 for retroactive monthly benefit 
payments that she should been receiving up through December 1, 2013. These lump 
sum payments were calculated based upon a $1,870.69 monthly payment. 
 In August of 2013, Plaintiff hired a new financial advisor named Laura Peeke. 
Peeke recorded her communications with Plaintiff regarding her benefits and also 
participated in six conference calls between Plaintiff and Defendant. (See dkt. 25-11, 
PgID 1080.) Peeke testified that Defendant gave Plaintiff "confusing and contradicting 

information" and described the way it handled Plaintiff's inquiries as "extremely poor." 
(Id. at PgId 1141.) Plaintiff alleges that the uncertainty and conflicting information she 
received from Defendant resulted in a negative impact on her health. 
 On September 6, 2013, another packet was sent to Plaintiff. This packet was 
sent from the NESC, and included the same monthly benefit amounts that were in the 
original statement sent to Plaintiff in 2011. (See dkt. 25-14.) During a conference call 
with Defendant on September 27, 2013, Plaintiff was reassured that the lump sum 
payments were correct. Plaintiff received a final packet regarding the lump sum 
payments on November 4, 2013, (dkt. 25-25), and the two checks came in the mail on 
December 23, 2013, (dkt. 25-28). 
 In June of 2017, Plaintiff received a letter demanding the return of $243,189.70 
within thirty days. (Dkt. 25-30.) The lump sum payment of $351,689.72 was done using 
an incorrect benefit commencement date of February 1998 (the month Zirbel retired), 

rather than the correct benefit commencement date of March 1, 2009. After receiving 
this letter, Plaintiff retained counsel and filed an appeal. The first appeal was denied by 
a letter dated December 26, 2017 from NESC. (Dkt. 25-32.) That letter informed 
Plaintiff she could then file an appeal to the plan committee. After filing her second 
appeal, that appeal was denied by the plan committee in a letter dated May 7, 2018. 
(Dkt. 25-35.) That letter indicated that Plaintiff could apply for a hardship reduction. 
Rather than do so, Plaintiff brought the present lawsuit. 
 Plaintiff indicates that at the time of distribution, $35,000 was withheld from the 
payments for federal taxes and $18,600 was withheld for state taxes. (Dkt. 25-29, PgID 

1227.) She also set aside $71,400 to cover additional taxes. She gifted approximately 
$80,000 to her children, grandchildren, and son-in-law and made a number of 
donations. She also placed money in her IRAs, savings account, and her investment 
accounts. Plaintiff also notes that she has used the money to update her residence and 
pay her attorney fees. Defendant argues that while Plaintiff has "unloaded" as much of 
the money as possible, her retirement funds have remained in excess of $1.5 million 
and thus she can afford to repay the plan the overpaid benefits. (See dkt. 26, PgID 
1309; dkt. 25-11, PgID 1129.) 
II. Analysis 
 Plaintiff argues that the plan committee should have exercised its discretion to 
reduce the repayment amount she owes. She argues that the plan's failure to do so 
was arbitrary and capricious or, alternatively, that Defendant should be estopped from 
seeking recoupment based on principles of equitable estoppel.2 Defendant argues that 

Plaintiff's claims fail and seeks a judgment in the amount of the overpaid benefits 
pursuant to the plan or, alternatively, based upon a theory of unjust enrichment. 
 The Court begins its analysis with the applicable standards of review, and then 
addresses the parties' claims. 
 A. Legal Standards 
 A de novo standard of review applies to decisions by ERISA plan administrators 
"unless the benefit plan gives the administrator or fiduciary discretionary authority to 
determine eligibility for benefits or to construe the terms of the plan." Firestone Tire & 
Rubber Co. v. Bruch, 489 U.S. 101, 115 (1989). Where an ERISA benefit plan gives 

the plan administrator discretionary authority, the administrator's decision is reviewed 
under the deferential "arbitrary and capricious" standard. Marquette Gen. Hosp. v. 
Goodman Forest Indus., 315 F.3d 629, 632 (6th Cir. 2003) (citing University Hosps. of 
Cleveland v. Emerson Elec. Co., 202 F.3d 839, 845 (6th Cir. 2000)). Under the arbitrary 
and capricious standard, a court should uphold the administrator's decision as long as it 
is rational in light of a plan's provisions. Id. Under either standard, the Court's review of 

 2 Plaintiff also brought a claim of laches in her complaint, but indicates in her 
motion that she has withdrawn that claim because discovery has revealed that 
Defendant was unaware of the error that led to the overpayment until April of 2017. 
(See dkt. 25-1, PgID 821.) Plaintiff also argues that if she prevails in this action, she is 
entitled to an award of attorney fees. 
a plan's decision is generally limited to the contents of the administrative record. See 
Wilkins v. Baptist Healthcare Sys., Inc., 150 F.3d 609, 616 (6th Cir. 1998). 
 Here, the applicable plan provision states that "[i]n the event of an error that 
results in an overpayment of benefits to a Member, the amount of the overpayment shall 
be returned to the Retirement Fund, without limitation, except the Committee shall have 

discretionary authority to reduce any repayment amount from a Member." (See dkt. 1-2, 
PgID 145.) The plan also states that the plan administrator has the "discretionary 
authority to administer the benefit structure of the Plan, and to this end may construe 
and interpret the Plan." (Id. at PgID 140.) Thus, the arbitrary and capricious standard 
of review should apply. Indeed, Plaintiff asserted in both her complaint and motion that 
the plan's failure to exercise its discretion to reduce the repayment amount she owes 
was arbitrary and capricious. In her response to Defendant's motion for summary 
judgment, however, she argues that because Defendant delegated its duties to a third-
party, Conduent, the plan's decision should be reviewed de novo. In support of this 

position, she cites to Bumgarner v. Ford Motor Gen. Ret. Plan, No. 1:14-cv-788, 2016 
U.S. Dist. LEXIS 95949 (S.D. Ohio Apr. 12, 2016), adopted by 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 
95941 (S.D. Ohio July 22, 2106). There, the magistrate judge found that because a 
third-party that was not authorized to exercise fiduciary discretion made the decision to 
deny the plaintiff's claim, a de novo standard of review should apply. See id. at *21-25, 
54; see also Shelby Cty. Health Care Corp. v. Majestic Star Casino, LLC Grp. Health 
Benefit Plan, 581 F.3d 355, 365 (6th Cir. 2009) ("Where a plan administrator does not 
make the benefits decision, the plan administrator has not exercised its discretionary 
authority, and therefore a deferential standard of review is not justified."). The 
magistrate judge in Bumgarner recommended, however, the claim decision be reversed 
even under the more deferential arbitrary and capricious standard. 2016 U.S. Dist. 
LEXIS 95949, at *54. 
 Here, the record shows that while Conduent sent Plaintiff the letter informing her 
of the error in the calculation of her benefits as well as the letter denying her first 

appeal, Plaintiff was informed that she could appeal that decision to the plan committee. 
(See dkt. 25-32.) After Plaintiff filed her second appeal, the committee met and 
conducted its own review before issuing the final denial letter that is on appeal here. 
(See dkt. 25-35.) Because the plan committee itself is the entity that refused to exercise 
its discretionary authority to reduce the repayment amount, an arbitrary and capricious 
standard of review applies. Cf. Shelby Cty. Health Care Corp., 581 F.3d at 365-66 
(upholding the district court's decision to apply a de novo standard of review after it 
found that the third-party administrator had made the decision to deny the benefits and 
the plan committee "simply adopted its decision without engaging in any independent 

fact-finding"). 
 Plaintiff's equitable estoppel claim is not subject to arbitrary and capricious 
review and is instead governed by Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56. See, e.g., 
Trombly v. Fid. Workplace Servs. LLC, No. 11-13477, 2013 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 32410, at 
*22 (E.D. Mich. Mar. 7, 2013) (applying Rule 56 standards to an ERISA equitable 
estoppel claim); see also Moore v. Lafayette Life Ins. Co., 458 F.3d 416, 427 (6th Cir. 
2006) (noting that because claims for breaches of fiduciary duty and promissory 
estoppel are "addressed in the first instance in the district court," they "requir[e] no 
deference to any administrator's action or decision"). Rule 56 standards also apply to 
Defendant's counterclaim for the reimbursement of the overpayment of benefits. See, 
e.g., Longuski v. Iron Workers' Local No. 25 Pension Plan, No. 11-11595, 2012 U.S. 
Dist. LEXIS 52177, at *3 (E.D. Mich. Apr. 13, 2012) (applying Rule 56 standards to a 
plan's motion for summary judgment on its counterclaim for reimbursement of 
overpayment of benefits). 

 Under Rule 56, summary judgment is appropriate if "‘the movant shows that 
there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to 
judgment as a matter of law.'" United States S.E.C. v. Sierra Brokerage Servs., Inc., 
712 F.3d 321, 326-27 (6th Cir. 2013) (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a)). When reviewing 
the record, "‘the court must view the evidence in the light most favorable to the non-
moving party and draw all reasonable inferences in its favor.'" Id. at 327 (quoting 
Tysinger v. Police Dep't of Zanesville, 463 F.3d 569, 572 (6th Cir. 2006)). Furthermore, 
the "‘substantive law will identify which facts are material,' and ‘summary judgment will 
not lie if the dispute about a material fact is genuine, that is, if the evidence is such that 

a reasonable jury could return a verdict for the nonmoving party.'" Id. at 327 (quoting 
Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248 (1986)). When considering the 
material facts on the record, a court must bear in mind that "[t]he mere existence of a 
scintilla of evidence in support of the plaintiff's position will be insufficient; there must be 
evidence on which the jury could reasonably find for the plaintiff." Anderson, 477 U.S. 
at 252. 
 B. The Plan's Decision Was Not Arbitrary and Capricious. 

 Plaintiff argues that because this is a recoupment case, the Court should 
consider the principles of equity set forth in Wells v. United States Steel & Carnegie 
Pension Fund, Inc., 950 F.2d 1244 (6th Cir. 1991), when deciding whether the plan's 
decision was arbitrary and capricious. Defendant argues that equitable principles are 
irrelevant to Plaintiff's claim. Defendant further argues that the plan committee's 
decision to demand repayment of the overpaid benefits was not only rational in light of 
the plan's provisions but also consistent with its "‘duty to all beneficiaries to preserve 

limited plan assets.'" (See dkt. 32, PgID 1903 (quoting Conkright v. Frommert, 559 U.S. 
506, 520 (2010)).) 
 In Wells, the Sixth Circuit clearly set forth that it "may not overrule the Fund's 
interpretation of the Plan language unless the administrator's reading may be said to be 
arbitrary and capricious. That standard of review asks whether the Fund's interpretation 
of the Plan language is ‘reasonable.'" 950 F.2d at 1249. The court found the plan's 
interpretation in that case unreasonable and reversed the district court's finding to the 
contrary. Id. The court then went on to consider the plan's counterclaim for 
recoupment of overpayments, and only within that context did it instruct the district court 
to consider the equitable factors Plaintiff points to. 3 See id. at 1251. 

 Thus, to the extent the equitable factors set forth in Wells are relevant in this 
case, they relate to Defendant's counterclaim, which is discussed below, while review of 
whether the plan's decision was arbitrary and capricious turns on the language of the 
plan. Compare Longuski v. Iron Workers' Local No. 25 Pension Plan, No. 11-11595, 

 3 The Sixth Circuit stated that the district court may wish to consider the following 
factors when deciding whether repayment would be inequitable: "the beneficiary's 
disposition of the money which he was overpaid, the amount of the overpayment, the 
nature of the mistake made by the administrator, the amount of time which has passed 
since the overpayment was made, and the beneficiary's total amount of income and the 
effect recoupment would have on that income." Wells, 950 F.2d at 1251 n.3. 
2011 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 141713, at *24 (E.D. Mich. Dec. 9, 2011) (upholding the plan's 
decision because it was based upon a straightforward interpretation of the plan's 
provisions) with Longuski, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 52177, at *12-15 (considering the 
equitable factors set forth in Wells in the context of the plan's counterclaim for 
recoupment of benefits). The Court finds that because the plan clearly sets forth that a 

beneficiary shall return the amount of any overpayment of benefits and the amount 
Plaintiff was overpaid is not in dispute, the plan committee's refusal to reduce that 
amount was reasonable. In sum, the plan's decision was not arbitrary and capricious, 
and Defendant is entitled to judgment on Plaintiff's claim seeking review of the plan's 
decision. 
 C. Plaintiff's Equitable Estoppel Claim Fails. 

 Plaintiff argues Defendant should be estopped from seeking repayment of the 
overpaid benefits based on a theory of equitable estoppel. Defendant argues that even 
if such a claim is available to Plaintiff, she cannot establish her claim as a matter of law. 
 The traditional elements of equitable estoppel are: 
 1) conduct or language amounting to a representation of material fact; 2) 
 awareness of the true facts by the party to be estopped; 3) an intention on 
 the part of the party to be estopped that the representation be acted on, or 
 conduct toward the party asserting the estoppel such that the latter has a 
 right to believe that the former's conduct is so intended; 4) unawareness of 
 the true facts by the party asserting the estoppel; and 5) detrimental and 
 justifiable reliance by the party asserting estoppel on the representation. 

Bloemker v. Laborers' Local 265 Pension Fund, 605 F.3d 436, 442 (6th Cir. 2010) 
(citing Armistead v. Vernitron Corp., 944 F.2d 1287, 1298 (6th Cir. 1991)). However, if 
a plaintiff attempts to invoke equitable estoppel in the case of unambiguous pension 
plan provisions, he or she must 
 demonstrate the traditional elements of estoppel, including that the 
 defendant engaged in intended deception or such gross negligence as to 
 amount to constructive fraud, plus (1) a written representation; (2) plan 
 provisions which, although unambiguous, did not allow for individual 
 calculation of benefits; and (3) extraordinary circumstances in which the 
 balance of equities strongly favors the application of estoppel. 

Id. at 444. This is a "narrow exception" to the general rule that estoppel can only be 
invoked in the context of ambiguous plan provisions.4 Donati v. Ford Motor Co., 821 
F.3d 667, 674-75 (6th Cir. 2016). 
 In Bloemker, 605 F.3d at 439, the plan participant was told that he would receive 
$2,339.47 per month for the rest of his life if he retired early. After he retired early 
based on the information he was given and received benefits for nearly two years, he 
was informed that his benefits were miscalculated and that he was only entitled to 
$1,829.71 per month. Id. He thus faced a significant decrease in his pension income, 
as well as a demand for repayment of $11,215.16. Id. The Sixth Circuit found that the 
plaintiff had alleged all of the traditional elements of equitable estoppel, along with the 
three additional requirements set forth above and, thus, reversed the dismissal of his 
estoppel claim. Id. at 442-44. 
 The Court finds that this case does not involve the type of extraordinary 
circumstances contemplated by the Sixth Circuit in Bloemker. While the amount 
Plaintiff faces repaying is much larger than the amount of repayment in that case, the 
miscalculation here did not induce Plaintiff to make a life-altering decision that she 
                                                             
 4 To the extent Plaintiff argues that the plan provision at issue is ambiguous, the 
Court disagrees. The plan clearly states that "[i]n the event of an error that results in an 
overpayment of benefits to a member, the amount of overpayment shall be returned to 
the Retirement Fund, without limitation." (See dkt. 1-2, PgID 145.) The fact that the 
plan committee is given discretionary authority to reduce the amount of any 
overpayment does not render this provision ambiguous. 
would not have otherwise made, such as the decision to retire early made by the 
plaintiff in Bloemker. See Donati, 821 F.3d at 675 (finding the Bloemker exception 
inapplicable because the "miscalculation of benefits did not detrimentally induce the 
beneficiary to make a decision that she would not have otherwise made" and the option 
to cash out her benefits "would have been attractive regardless of whether the correct 

sum was $38,840.34 or $230,361.49"). Nor does Plaintiff's reliance on Defendant's 
misinformation and the time she spent on the correspondence with Defendant's 
representatives constitute extraordinary circumstances. See id. And even if Plaintiff 
could establish the additional requirements set forth in Bloemker, the record does not 
support a finding that Defendant "engaged in intended deception or such gross 
negligence as to amount to constructive fraud," see Bloemker, 605 F.3d at 444, given 
that Plaintiff concedes Defendant was unaware of the error that led to the overpayment 
until April of 2017,5 (see dkt. 25-1, PgID 821). Thus, the Court denies Plaintiff's motion 
for summary judgment on her equitable estoppel claim and grants Defendant's motion 
on this claim.6 

 D. Defendant is Entitled to Restitution. 

 5 The parties disagree over whether Plaintiff was aware of the true facts. More 
specifically, Defendant asserts that Plaintiff knew all along she was receiving too much 
money, while Plaintiff responds by arguing she thought the monthly payment was 
incorrect but did not know that an incorrect date was being used. The Court notes that 
even if Plaintiff was completely unaware that there was any error, this would not alter its 
disposition of the parties' claims. 
 6 Because the Court enters judgment in favor of Defendant on Plaintiff's claims, 
Plaintiff has not achieved any "degree of success on the merits" and is not entitled to an 
award of attorney fees. See Hardt v. Reliance Standard Life Ins. Co., 560 U.S. 242, 
245 (2010). Moreover, because Plaintiff's substantive claims fail, she is not entitled to 
declaratory relief. 
 Defendant seeks restitution of the overpaid benefits. Plaintiff argues that 
Defendant is not entitled to the form of relief it seeks pursuant to the relevant plan 
provisions. 
 Under ERISA § 502(a)(3), a plan fiduciary has the right to seek "appropriate 
equitable relief" to "enforce provisions" of the plan. 29 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(3). Thus, to 

invoke the authority to sue under this statutory provision, a fiduciary must be seeking a 
category of relief that is equitable in nature and not simply an award of compensatory 
damages. See Mertens v. Hewitt Assocs., 508 U.S. 248, 255-56 (1993). In Great-West 
Life & Annuity Ins. Co. v. Knudson, 534 U.S. 204, 212 (2002), the Supreme Court 
explained that "not all relief falling under the rubric of restitution is available in equity." 
There, the fiduciary sought reimbursement for payment of medical expenses through a 
lien against any settlement with third-party tortfeasors, but the Supreme Court held that 
equitable restitution was unavailable in that case because the funds sought were not in 
the beneficiaries' possession. Id. at 214. In another case, however, the Supreme Court 

allowed a fiduciary to seek reimbursement of medical expenses paid by the plan after 
the beneficiary recovered for its injuries from a third party, because the plan explicitly 
provided for the reimbursement of such benefits. See Sereboff v. Mid Atl. Med. Servs., 
547 U.S. 356, 365-68 (2006). The court reasoned that the remedy sought qualified as 
an equitable remedy "because it is indistinguishable from an action to enforce an 
equitable lien established by agreement," and that, in such cases, strict tracing of funds 
is not required. Id. 
 In a later case, the Sixth Circuit considered whether Great-West and Sereboff 
barred the recovery of overpayments due to the beneficiary's receipt of Social Security 
disability benefits. See Gilchrest v. UNUM Life Ins. Co. of Am., 255 F. App'x 38, 44-46 
(6th Cir. 2007) (unpublished). There, the applicable plan provision stated that the plan 
had 
 the right to recovery any overpayments due to: fraud; any error [the plan] 
 makes in processing a claim; and your receipt of deductible sources of 
 income. You must reimburse us in full. We will determine the method by 
 which the repayment is to be made. [The plan] will not recover more money 
 than the amount we paid you. 
Id. at 45. The court noted that "[a]t first blush" this plan provision did not seem to satisfy 
the requirements of Sereboff because there was no express lien against a specifically 
identified fund. Id. However, the court reasoned that because the plan sought to 
recover overpayments, the plan provision "asserts a right to recover from a specific fund 
distinct from [the beneficiary's] general assets—the fund being the overpayments 
themselves—and a particular share of that fund to which the plan was entitled—all 
overpayments due to the receipt of Social Security benefits, but not to exceed the 
amount of benefits paid." Id. at 45-46. In Hall v. Liberty Life Assurance Co. of Boston, 
595 F.3d 270, 274 (6th Cir. 2010), the Sixth Circuit reaffirmed its holding in Gilchrest 
and similarly held that the plan was entitled to reimbursement for the overpayments it 
made due to the beneficiary's retroactive receipt of Social Security benefits. 
 Here, the plan states that "in the event of an error that results in an overpayment 
of benefits to a member, the amount of overpayment shall be returned to the Retirement 
Fund," (see dkt. 1-2, PgID 145), and thus there is a plan provision that provides a right 
to recover from a specific fund, "the fund being the overpayments themselves." See 
Gilchrest, 255 F. App'x at 45-46; see also Shumpert v. GM Life & Disability Benefits 
Program for Hourly Employees, No. 2:12-cv-14786, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 158486, at 
*6 (E.D. Mich. Nov. 10, 2014) (noting "[t]he Sixth Circuit has consistently held that plan 
fiduciaries may recover overpaid benefits when the terms of an ERISA plan so permit"). 
Moreover, the plan provision sets forth that the plan has a right to recover "the amount 
of overpayment," and therefore limits recovery to "the amount of benefits paid."7 See 
Gilchrest, 255 F. App'x at 45-46; see also Smithson v. Aetna Life Ins. Co., No. 13-360-

DCR, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 11207, at *9-10 (E.D. Ky. Jan. 30, 2014). Thus, Defendant 
is entitled to restitution in the amount of the overpaid benefits. 
 A consideration of the equitable factors set forth in Wells, 950 F.2d at 1251 n.3, 
does not compel a different result. Plaintiff has significant retirement assets and can 
afford to repay the plan. Cf. Longuski, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 52177, at *14-15 (finding 
that it would be inequitable to require plaintiff to reimburse the plan because the plaintiff 
used the benefits he received to pay for the necessities of living during a period of ten 
years and could not afford to repay the amount of overpayment). The Court, therefore, 
denies Plaintiff's motion for summary judgment on Defendant's counterclaim for 
restitution and grants Defendant's motion for summary judgment on this claim.8 

III. Conclusion 
 For the reasons set forth above, the Court DENIES Plaintiff's motion and 
GRANTS Defendant's motion. Accordingly, Defendant is entitled to a judgment in the 
amount of $243,189.70. 

 7 To the extent Plaintiff argues that the word "amount" in the plan provision is 
fatal to Defendant's position that it seeks equitable, rather than legal, relief, the Court 
disagrees. 
 8 Because the Court finds that Defendant is entitled to restitution pursuant to the 
terms of the plan, there is no need to address Defendant's unjust enrichment claim. 
 SO ORDERED. 
 s/Nancy G. Edmunds 
 Nancy G. Edmunds 
 United States District Judge 

Dated: January 29, 2020 

I hereby certify that a copy of the foregoing document was served upon counsel of record 
on January 29, 2020, by electronic and/or ordinary mail. 

 s/Lisa Bartlett 
 Case Manager