CourtListener opinion 10454761

Evidence quotes

Clean opinion text

Dated: March 6, 2020 

 Dent 7 OF
3 Daniel P. Collins, Bankruptcy Judge 

4 UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT 
5 DISTRICT OF ARIZONA 
6 || Inre: ) Chapter 7 Proceedings 
7 KARA FRANCES JENNINGS, Case No.: 2:18-bk-11759-DPC 
° Debtor. UNDER ADVISEMENT RULING ON 
9 ) TRUSTEE'S MOTION FOR 
10 ) RECONSIDERATION 
11 [NOT FOR PUBLICATION] 
12 $$ 
13 Before this Court is the Motion of Trustee, Robert A. Mackenzie, ("Trustee") for 
14 || Reconsideration of Order Overruling Objection to Exemption [FRBP 9024]! ("Motion for 
15 || Reconsideration"), Kara Frances Jennings' ("Debtor") Response to Trustee's Motion for 
16 || Reconsideration of Order Overruling Objection to Exemption? ("Response"), Debtor's 
17 || Supplemental Response to Trustee's Motion for Reconsideration of Order Overruling Objection 
18 || to Exemption and Denying Motion for Sale? ("Supplemental Response'') and Trustee's Reply to 
19 || Debtor's Supplemental Response to Trustee Motion for Reconsideration' ("Reply"). 
20 In essence, the Motion for Reconsideration does not challenge the Court's finding that 
21 || Debtor's claimed interest in a Nationwide deferred compensation plan account ("Compensation 
22 || Account") is exempt. Rather, the Trustee contends Debtor's interest in a stipulated marital 
23 || settlement agreement ("MSA") may be sold by the Trustee even though payments to the Debtor 
24 || made under the MSA may ultimately come from the Compensation Account. 
25 After reviewing the parties' briefs and hearing oral argument on the issue, the Court agrees 
26 || the Trustee may sell this chapter 7 estate's interest in the MSA but that the description of the 
27 |h1 DE 58. "DE" references a docket entry in this administrative bankruptcy case 2:18-bk-11759-DPC. 
28 |Is De ss 
 "DE 84.

1 interest to be sold is inadequate. Moreover, the buyer of the estate's interest in the MSA may not 
2 disturb the Debtor's exempt rights as a beneficiary of the Compensation Account. 
3 
4 I. BACKGROUND 
5 On September 26, 2018 ("Petition Date"), Debtor filed the instant chapter 7 bankruptcy.5 
6 Trustee filed a Motion for Sale of Property Under Section 363(b)6 ("Sale Motion"). On May 24, 
7 2019, Trustee filed its Amended Motion to Approve Sale of Estate's Interest in Property 
8 ("Amended Sale Motion").7 Debtor's former counsel then filed a Motion to Withdraw.8 The Court 
9 entered an Order Granting Debtor's former counsel's Motion to Withdraw as Attorney.9 Debtor 
10 filed her pro se Objection to Trustee's Amended Sale Motion10 ("Objection to Sale"). 
11 After the Trustee filed a Response to Debtor's Objection to Sale,11 the Debtor amended 
12 her Schedule C12 to claim as exempt her interest in the Compensation Account under A.R.S. § 33-
13 1126(B). Trustee filed an Objection to Debtor's Amended Claimed Exemptions ("Objection to 
14 Exemption").13 At the hearing on Trustee's Amended Sale Motion the Court was advised by 
15 Debtor that she did not agree to nor sign her former counsel's Motion to Withdraw.14 The Court 
16 heard arguments from Trustee and Debtor pro se and then set a continued hearing to determine 
17 the exemption question prior to ruling on Trustee's Amended Sale Motion. The Court also set 
18 aside its earlier Order allowing Debtor's counsel to withdraw.15 The Court further ordered 
19 Debtor's former counsel to file a response to Trustee's Objection to Exemption. 
20 
21 
22 
23 

 5 DE 1. 
24 6 DE 19. 
 7 DE 22. 
25 8 DE 25. 
 9 DE 29. 
26 10 DE 28. 
 11 DE 31. 
27 12 DE 34. 
 13 DE 35. 
28 
 14 DE 45. 
 15 DE 37. 
1 Through her counsel Debtor filed her Response to Trustee's Objection to Exemption.16 
2 Trustee filed his reply.17 This Court heard oral arguments on Trustee's Objection to Exemption 
3 and Debtor's Response to Trustee's Objection to Exemption.18 
4 On September 23, 2019, the Court issued its Under Advisement Ruling on Trustee's 
5 Objection to Exemption and Amended Sale Motion ("Under Advisement Ruling")19 overruling 
6 Trustee's Objection to Exemption and denying Trustee's Amended Sale Motion. The focus of the 
7 Under Advisement Ruling was on the question of whether Debtor's interest in the Compensation 
8 Account was exempt under applicable Arizona law. This Court agreed with Debtor's position that 
9 her interest in the Compensation Account is exempt under A.R.S. § 33-1126(A) and (B). 
10 Trustee filed his Motion for Reconsideration.20 No response was filed by the Debtor. On 
11 November 5, 2019, this Court held a hearing on Trustee's Motion for Reconsideration where the 
12 Court was advised that Debtor's counsel had ceased practicing law.21 The Court entered an Order 
13 Granting Motion to Substitute Attorney which approved Debtor's representation in this matter by 
14 Zolman Law.22 Debtor's new counsel then filed Debtor's Response.23 
15 After a series of hearings in which Trustee and Debtor's new counsel narrowed the issues 
16 raised in Trustee's Motion for Reconsideration, the Debtor then filed a Supplemental Response.24 
17 Trustee filed his Reply.25 On January 9, 2020, the Court held a hearing and took this matter under 
18 advisement.26 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 

 16 DE 44. 
24 17 DE 51. 
 18 DE 52. 
25 19 DE 56. 
 20 DE 58. 
26 21 DE 62. 
 22 DE 67. 
27 23 DE 69. 
 24 DE 83. 
28 
 25 DE 84. 
 26 DE 85. 
1 II. JURISDICTION 
2 Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(b)(2)(B), this Court has jurisdiction over the allowance or 
3 disallowance of claimed exemptions on property of the estate. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 
4 § 157(b)(2)(N) this Court has jurisdiction over sales of property of a bankruptcy estate. 
5 
6 III. ISSUES 
7 Whether grounds exist for the Court to grant Trustee's Motion for Reconsideration under 
8 Federal Rule of Bankruptcy Procedure 9024.27 
9 
10 IV. ANALYSIS 
11 A. The Under Advisement Ruling 
12 This Court's Under Advisement Ruling focused on section III of the MSA, 28 which reads, 
13 in relevant part: 
14 III. CASH PAYOUT 

15 
 9. Cash Payout: 
16 
 a. The parties have agreed [Debtor] shall receive a cash payout of 
17 One Hundred Fifteen Thousand Dollars ($115,000). This payout 
 will be made according to the terms set forth in this agreement. 
18 

19 b. The parties have a [Compensation Account] with a current 
 balance of $61,618.58. The [Debtor] shall be made beneficiary of 
20 this account within ten (10) days of the signing of this agreement. 
 [Debtor] shall receive 100% of this account upon [Ex-Husband's]29 
21 
 retirement, up to $115,000. Should the account balance be below 
22 $115,000 upon [Ex-Husband's] retirement, [Ex-Husband] shall 
 provide [Debtor] with an additional cash payout to equal the total 
23 payout due of $115,000. The total cash payout of $115,000 shall be 
24 paid in full within thirty (30) days from [Ex-Husband's] retirement. 
 Any additional funds above $115,000 shall be returned to [Ex-
25 Husband]. 

26 
27 

 27 Pursuant to Fed. R. Bankr. P. 9024, Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b)(6) applies in bankruptcy cases. 
28 
 28 The MSA was filed in New Mexico State Court on October 6, 2017. 
 29 Debtor's ex-husband is Raymond Perea, hereafter referred to as "Ex-Husband." 
 c. [Ex-Husband] will be eligible to retire March 2019. The parties 
1 
 agree and are aware that [Ex-Husband] may choose to work past 
2 his eligible retirement date. [Ex-Husband] shall retire no later than 
 March 2024. The payout is due in full no later than April 2024. 
3 … 

4 
 VII. TAXES AND OTHER AGREEMENT 
5 
 … 
6 18. Final Agreement: This is the final and entire agreement of the parties 
7 regarding the marital settlement agreement. Neither party is relying on 
 other promises or statements that are not specifically included in this 
8 document.30 
9 This Court determined that, under Arizona's exemption statutes, Debtor's interest in the 
10 Compensation Account was exempt because A.R.S. § 33-1126(B) protected a beneficiary's 
11 interest in the type of deferred compensation account referenced in the MSA.31 The Court 
12 reasoned that the MSA required Debtor to be named a beneficiary to the Compensation Account 
13 and because Debtor's beneficiary's interest in the Compensation Account was exempt, the estate 
14 held no interest in the Compensation Account and, therefore, the Trustee had no right to sell such 
15 interest. Ultimately, this Court relied on the plain language of the MSA and A.R.S. § 33-1126 to 
16 determine that Debtor's interest as a beneficiary to the Compensation Account is exempt. Based 
17 on the exempt status of Debtor's interest as a beneficiary, this Court denied Trustee's Amended 
18 Sale Motion. 
19 
20 B. The Motion for Reconsideration 
21 Trustee's Motion for Reconsideration shifted the discussion from whether Debtor's 
22 interest in the Compensation Account was exempt to whether the estate had an interest in the 
23 MSA which the Trustee could sell. The Trustee acknowledged that Debtor's beneficial interests 
24 in the Compensation Account may be exempt but focused on whether Debtor had any exempt 
25 interest in the MSA itself. Trustee argued that Debtor's beneficial interests in the Compensation 
26 Account were merely "protection in the event of her ex-spouse's demise" and this beneficial 
27 30 DE 35, Ex. B. 
 31 A.R.S. § 33-1126(B) reads, in relevant part: "[a]ny money or other assets payable to a participant in or beneficiary 
28 
 of, or any interest of any participant or beneficiary in…a deferred compensation plan under section 457 of the United 
 State internal revenue code of 1986…is exempt…" 
1 interest does not continue if Debtor's Ex-Husband either retires or the March 2024 deadline is 
2 reached. 32 The Trustee contends that, as a beneficiary, Debtor is unable to demand payment from 
3 the Compensation Account. The Trustee argues that the determination by the Court that Debtor's 
4 interest as a beneficiary was exempt did not resolve the issue of whether Trustee could sell 
5 Debtor's interest in the MSA. 
6 The Motion for Reconsideration argued that the source of the cash payout provided for in 
7 the MSA is not the relevant issue. The Trustee contends that whether Debtor's beneficial interests 
8 in the Compensation Account are exempt is irrelevant for the purposes of Trustee's Amended 
9 Sale Motion. Instead, the Trustee argues that the Court should focus on the Debtor's right to 
10 receive $115,000 under the terms of the MSA. The Trustee points out that this right to payment 
11 under the MSA has not been claimed exempt nor could Debtor properly claim it exempt. 
12 
13 C. The Law 
14 Under Bankruptcy Rule 9024, Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60 applies in this contested 
15 matter. Rule 60(b) provides, in relevant part: 
16 On motion and just terms, the court may relieve a party or its legal representative 
 from a final judgment, order, or proceeding for the following reasons: 
17 … 
18 (6) any other reason that justifies relief. 
19 Rule 60(b)(6) "is a grand reservoir of equitable power that allows courts to grant relief 
20 from final judgment for ‘any' reason that ‘justifies relief.'"33 However, Rule 60(b)(6) is to be 
21 used sparingly and requires a showing of extraordinary circumstances.34 The Rule 60(b)(6) 
22 "catch-all" provision only applies when the reason for granting relief is not covered by any other 
23 subsection set forth in Rule 60(b).35 
24 Upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition, an estate is created that consists of all the legal 
25 and equitable interests in property possessed by the debtor at the time of filing "wherever located 
26 

 32 DE 58, a page 2 of 4. 
27 33 Henson v. Fidelity National Financial, Inc., 943 F.3d 434, 439 (9th Cir. 2019). 
 34 United States v. Alpine Land & Reservoir Co., 984 F.2d 1047, 1049 (9th Cir. 1993). 
28 
 35 Delay v. Gordon, 475 F.3d 1039, 1044 (9th Cir. 2007)(citing Dental Servs. v. Tani, 282 F.3d 1164, 1168 n. 8 (9th 
 Cir. 2002)). 
1 and by whomever held." 11 U.S.C. § 541(a)(1); In re Pettit, 217 F.3d 1072, 1077 (9th Cir. 2000). 
2 The property that a debtor may exempt is determined under § 522 unless the applicable state opted 
3 out of the federal exemption scheme. 11 U.S.C. § 522(b)(1). Arizona has opted out of the federal 
4 exemption scheme provided in § 522(d) so only Arizona exemptions apply in this case. A.R.S. 
5 § 33-1133(B).36 Bankruptcy exemptions are fixed and determined at the time of the bankruptcy 
6 petition under the "snapshot" rule.37 
7 A.R.S. § 33-1126(B) states: 
8 Any money or other assets payable to a participant in or beneficiary of, or any 
 interest of any participant or beneficiary in, a retirement plan…or a deferred 
9 compensation plan under § 457 of the United States internal revenue code of 1986, 
10 as amended, whether the beneficiary's interest arises by inheritance, designation, 
 appointment or otherwise, is exempt from all claims of creditors of the beneficiary 
11 or participant. 
12 Under 26 U.S.C. § 457,38 a beneficiary is defined as "a person who is entitled to benefits 
13 in respect of a participant following the participant's death or an alternate payee as described in 
14 § 1.457-10(c)."39 An alternate payee described in § 1.457-10(c) is only applicable in cases 
15 involving a qualified domestic relations order.40 
16 
17 D. Application of the Law to the Facts of this Case 
18 This Court finds that there were extraordinary circumstances that warrant relief under 
19 Rule 60(b)(6) for several reasons. First, Debtor has been represented by two attorneys and made 
20 multiple appearances pro se in this bankruptcy. This resulted in inconsistent and at times 
21 unfocused arguments from Debtor. As a result of the inconsistent arguments, Trustee was forced 
22 to respond to conflicting and at times confusing arguments. This confusion ultimately steered the 
23 36 The parties assume that Arizona's exemption laws apply in this case even though the Compensation Plan arises 
 out of the Ex-Husband's New Mexico employment and Debtor's MSA rights are specified in her New Mexico 
24 divorce case. This Court agrees with this assumption of controlling exemption law. See In re Arrol, 170 F.3d 934, 
 936 (9th Cir. 1999) (stating that the debtor is entitled to claim exemptions provided by the law of the state where 
25 
 their bankruptcy petition was filed, citing §§ 522(b)(1) and (b)(2)(A)). 
 37 In re Jacobson, 676 F.3d 1193, 1199 (9th Cir. 2012) (citing White v. Stump, 266 U.S. 310, 313 (1924)). 
26 38 The parties do not dispute that the Compensation Account is a deferred compensation plan under § 457 of the 
 United States Internal Revenue Code. See DE 53 at 6:30 – 6:58. 
27 39 Treas. Reg., 26 C.F.R. § 1.457-2(c). 
 40 Treas. Reg., 26 C.F.R. § 1-457-10(c). Although Debtor has at times argued that a qualified domestic relations order 
28 
 is being pursued, the record before the Court contains no evidence of the existence of a qualified domestic relations 
 order. 
1 Court's focus to Debtor's beneficial interests in the Compensation Account. Ultimately, the Court 
2 came to understand that the Trustee did not oppose Debtor's claimed exemption in the 
3 Compensation Account but, rather, sought to sell the estate's interest in the MSA, a non-exempt 
4 asset. 
5 Second, in response to Trustee's Amended Sale Motion, Debtor's Objection to Sale was 
6 filed pro se and made several confusing arguments. Debtor made the argument that her beneficial 
7 interests in the Compensation Account were what the Trustee was seeking to sell. Debtor raised 
8 the issue of a qualified domestic relations order, the timing of her ability to receive the $115,000 
9 cash payment and the conditions that must be met prior to receiving the cash payment. Several of 
10 these arguments were either contradicted or dismissed at the June 27, 2019 hearing and in 
11 Debtor's subsequent filings. Confusion and inconsistent arguments persisted through Debtor's 
12 most recent Supplemental Response filed by Debtor's current counsel. 
13 Third, Debtor's amended schedule C shifted the focus from the Amended Sale Motion to 
14 Trustee's Objection to Exemption. Further aggravating this confusion, the Debtor temporarily 
15 lost her counsel and then pro se filed an amended schedule C and Objection to Sale. 
16 This Court now reconfirms its finding that Debtor's interest in the Compensation Account 
17 is exempt. However, it is now clear that the Trustee is attempting to sell Debtor's interest in the 
18 MSA, but not the Compensation Account. The Debtor's interest in the MSA is not exempt and 
19 has never been claimed by the Debtor as exempt. 
20 For these reasons, the Court now reconsiders its denial of the Trustee's Amended Sale 
21 Motion to the extent that it sought to sell the estate's interest in the MSA. 
22 Having determined that relief under Rule 60(b)(6) is warranted, the Court now addresses 
23 Trustee's Amended Sale Motion. 
24 
25 E. Findings 
26 This Court finds that Debtor's interests in and rights under the MSA are property of this 
27 bankruptcy estate. The Debtor's interests in the MSA are separate and distinct from Debtor's 
28 exempt interest in the Compensation Account. However, the estate's interest in the MSA is 
1 limited by Debtor's exempt interest in the Compensation Account and vice versa. If, for instance, 
2 the Ex-Husband was to retire or pass away prior to his retirement at a time when the Compensation 
3 Account held less than $115,000, Debtor would be entitled to receive whatever funds existed in 
4 the Compensation Account but the holder of this estate's MSA rights would be entitled to receive 
5 from Ex-Husband or his decedent's estate the difference between $115,000 and the funds in the 
6 Compensation Account. For example, if the Ex-Husband either retires or passes before his 
7 retirement and at a time when $90,000 was in the Compensation Account, the Debtor would be 
8 entitled to that $90,000 (as her exempt property) but the holder of this bankruptcy estate's interests 
9 in the MSA would be entitled to $25,000 from the Ex-Husband or his decedent's estate. On the 
10 other hand, if the Ex-Husband fully satisfies his $115,000 payment obligation under the MSA 
11 before he retires or dies, Debtor would no longer have an interest in the Compensation Account, 
12 i.e., the entire "cash payout" contemplated by the MSA would have been satisfied and no further 
13 sum would be due to Debtor or the holder of this bankruptcy estate's rights under the MSA. 
14 Finally, if the MSA remains wholly unpaid by the time of the Ex-Husband's death or retirement 
15 or by the end of April 2024, the Compensation Account must be paid to Debtor in an amount up 
16 to $115,000. The Compensation Account payment to her would be exempt. Importantly, other 
17 than the funds Debtor might be entitled to receive from the Compensation Account, the 
18 bankruptcy estate's rights under the MSA are subject to a § 363 sale by the Trustee. 
19 Under 11 U.S.C. § 363(b)(1) "[t]he [T]rustee, after notice and a hearing, may use, sell, or 
20 lease, other than in the ordinary course of business, property of the estate…" Trustee's Amended 
21 Sale Motion argued that Trustee adequately demonstrated sound business justification for a sale 
22 of Debtor's interest in the MSA. However, this Court is concerned that the Trustee's Amended 
23 Sale Motion incorrectly describes the asset being sold as "a cash payout of $115,000" and that 
24 the proposed buyer, John Marshall/JM Partners LLC ("Buyer"), based his/its $10,000 bid on this 
25 incorrect description. As discussed above, it is far from certain that the cash payout to the holder 
26 of this bankruptcy estate's interest in the MSA will total $115,000. Although this Court will not 
27 dictate the minimum amount a potential buyer must pay for the bankruptcy estate's interest in the 
28 MSA, all potential buyers are entitled to an accurate description of the property being sold. For 
1 this reason, the Court will not approve the Trustee's Amended Sale Motion proposing to sell to 
2 Buyer the estate's interests in the MSA for $10,000. 
3 
4 V. CONCLUSION 
5 The Court finds that this bankruptcy estate has an interest in the MSA which the Trustee 
6 may sell. The Court does not alter the Under Advisement Ruling with respect to the Trustee's 
7 Objection to Exemption but does vacate that portion of the Ruling that denied the Trustee the 
8 authority to sell the estate's interest in the MSA. Nonetheless, the Court will not grant Trustee's 
9 Amended Sale Motion because the description of the asset to be sold is inadequate. 
10 IT IS HEREBY ORDERED granting Trustee's Motion for Reconsideration to the extent 
11 the Under Advisement Ruling denied Trustee's request for the authority to sell this bankruptcy 
12 estate's interest in the MSA. 

13 

14 

15 
 Notice to be sent to the following: 
16 

17 Office of the United States Trustee 
 230 N. First Avenue, Suite 204 
18 Phoenix, AZ 85003-1706 
19 
 Robert A. Mackenzie, Trustee 
20 2001 E. Campbell Ave., Suite 200 
 Phoenix, AZ 85016 
21 

22 Kara Frances Jennings 
 215 W. Campbell Ave. 
23 Phoenix, AZ 85013 

24 
 Mr. Raymond Perea 
25 1820 Western Hills Road 
 Rio Rancho, NM 87124 
26 
27 
28