CourtListener opinion 3218794

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MEMORANDUM DECISION FILED
 Jun 30 2016, 8:26 am
 Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this
 CLERK
 Memorandum Decision shall not be Indiana Supreme Court
 Court of Appeals
 regarded as precedent or cited before any and Tax Court

 court except for the purpose of establishing
 the defense of res judicata, collateral
 estoppel, or the law of the case.

 ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE
 Michael D. Sears Adam J. Sedia
 Jacquelyn S. Pillar Rubino, Ruman, Crosmer, & Polen
 Crist, Sears, & Zic, LLP Dyer, Indiana
 Munster, Indiana

 IN THE
 COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

 ArcelorMittal USA, LLC June 30, 2016
 Pension Plan, Court of Appeals Case No.
 Appellant-Defendant, 45A03-1509-DR-1537
 Appeal from the Lake Circuit
 v. Court
 The Honorable George C. Paras,
 Jackie L. Hickey, Judge
 Appellee-Plaintiff The Honorable Robert G. Vann,
 Magistrate
 Trial Court Cause No.
 45C01-0912-DR-990

 Mathias, Judge.

[1] Arcelormittal USA, LLC Pension Plan ("the Plan") filed a motion in Lake

 Circuit Court to intervene in the dissolution action between Jackie L. Hickey

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 ("Wife") and Michael J. Hickey ("Husband"). The Plan also filed a motion for

 relief from judgment seeking to set aside the trial court's order granting Wife's

 motion for relief from judgment which set aside the trial court's earlier order

 dissolving her marriage to Husband. The trial court denied the Plan's motion to

 intervene, and the Plan appeals. On appeal, the Plan presents two issues, one of

 which we find dispositive: whether the trial court abused its discretion in

 denying the Plan's motion to intervene. Concluding that the trial court abused

 its discretion in denying the Plan's motion to intervene, we reverse and remand.

 Facts and Procedural History

[2] Husband and Wife were married in 1980. During the marriage, Husband

 worked at Inland Steel and earned a pension which is administered by the Plan.

 On December 9, 2009, Husband filed a petition in the trial court seeking to

 dissolve his marriage with Wife. The trial court entered a provisional order on

 February 17, 2010. The parties appeared in court on April 3, 2012, for what was

 intended to be a final hearing. Husband appeared with counsel, and Wife

 appeared pro se. The parties still did not agree on the distribution of the marital

 property, nor had the value of Husband's pension been determined. Instead of

 continuing the hearing, the trial court chose to bifurcate the proceedings and

 issued an order that same day dissolving the marriage and setting a hearing on

 the distribution of marital assets to be held on May 30, 2012.

[3] On May 30, however, the parties informed the trial court that the value of the

 pension had still not been determined and that the parties' vehicles had not

 been sold. Accordingly, the trial court ordered the parties to appear for a status
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 hearing on July 10, 2012. At this hearing, the parties informed the trial court

 that the pension valuation had been completed but that their vehicles had not

 yet been sold. At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court entered an order

 stating that Wife "shall be named Alternative Payee" of Husband's pension. It

 also ordered that Wife be awarded 33.5% of the monthly pension benefits that

 would otherwise go to Husband. Lastly, the court ordered Husband's counsel to

 file a qualified domestic relations order ("QDRO") regarding the pension

 within sixty days.

[4] On August 31, 2012, before the QDRO was prepared or filed, Husband died.

 On October 29, 2012, counsel made an appearance on behalf of Wife. On April

 11, 2013, Wife filed a motion to substitute the Estate of Michael J. Hickey ("the

 Estate") as a party to the action, which the trial court granted. On April 16,

 2013, Wife filed a motion to set aside the previously entered decree of

 dissolution.

[5] On December 17, 2013, the trial court held a hearing on Wife's motion to set

 aside, at which Wife and the Estate appeared by counsel. The trial court entered

 an order on May 23, 2014, granting Wife's motion and providing in relevant

 part:

 1. The Decree of Dissolution entered in this matter on April 16,
 2012, is void and is set aside Nunc Pro Tunc to April 16, 2012.
 2. The order is void. Indiana Code 31-15-2-14 requires that
 when a divorce proceeding is bifurcated that the parties sign a
 written waiver of final hearing and a statement explaining what
 items are agreed upon and which items are still in dispute. No

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 such written agreement was filed in this matter. The statute
 which allows for a bifurcated hearing in a dissolution is in
 degradation [sic] of the common law and must be strictly
 construed.
 3. As such Jackie Cummins is now the widow of Michael
 Hickey and is entitled to the marital residence, the 199 [sic]
 Winnebago Motor Home, the 1978 Chevrolet Corvette, the 1996
 Chevrolet S-10 truck, the 1976 Honda Custom Chopper, and the
 2001 PT Cruiser is Wife's as the jointly titled owner and widow.
 4. As this Court required an estate to be opened for Michael
 Hickey, and Attorney David Masse agreed, without receiving a
 retainer, to do so, this completes this matter. David Masse
 requests attorney fees in the amount of $2,000.00 and the Court
 now orders that Jackie Cummins pay Mr. Masse's fee in the
 amount of $2,000.00.
 FOUND and RECOMMENDED this 23 day of May, 2014, and
 entered NUNC PRO TUNC to April 16, 2012.

 Appellant's App. pp. 37-38. The Estate did not appeal this order.

[6] On August 6, 2014, the Plan filed a motion to intervene and reinstate the

 dissolution action and also filed a motion to set aside the May 23 order which

 set aside the earlier dissolution decree. After Wife responded, the trial court

 held a hearing on the matter on October 21, 2014. On February 17, 2015, the

 trial court entered an order denying the motion to intervene and reinstate the

 action. Having denied the motion to intervene, the trial court did not rule on

 the Plan's motion to set aside. On March 17, 2015, the Plan filed a motion for

 entry of judgment or, in the alternative, to certify the trial court's February 17

 order for interlocutory appeal. The trial court held a hearing on this motion on

 June 3, 2017, and, on August 27, 2015, certified its February 17 order for

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 interlocutory appeal. This court subsequently accepted interlocutory

 jurisdiction, and this appeal ensued.

 Discussion and Decision

[7] The Plan first argues that the trial court erred in denying the Plan's motion to

 intervene in the dissolution action between Wife and Husband's Estate.

 Motions to intervene are governed by Indiana Trial Rule 24, which provides:

 (A) Intervention of right. Upon timely motion anyone shall be
 permitted to intervene in an action:
 (1) when a statute confers an unconditional right to
 intervene; or
 (2) when the applicant claims an interest relating to a
 property, fund or transaction which is the subject of the
 action and he is so situated that the disposition of the action
 may as a practical matter impair or impede his ability to
 protect his interest in the property, fund or transaction,
 unless the applicant's interest is adequately represented by
 existing parties.
 (B) Permissive intervention. Upon timely filing of his motion
 anyone may be permitted to intervene in an action:
 (1) when a statute confers a conditional right to intervene; or
 (2) when an applicant's claim or defense and the main action
 have a question of law or fact in common. When a party to an
 action relies for ground of claim or defense upon any statute
 or executive order administered by a federal or state
 governmental officer or agency or upon any regulation, order,
 requirement, or agreement issued or made pursuant to the
 statute or executive administrative order, the governmental
 unit upon timely application may be permitted to intervene in
 the action. In exercising its discretion the court shall consider

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 whether the intervention will unduly delay or prejudice the
 adjudication of the rights of the original parties.
 (C) Procedure. A person desiring to intervene shall serve a
 motion to intervene upon the parties as provided in Rule 5. The
 motion shall state the grounds therefor and set forth or include by
 reference the claim, defense or matter for which intervention is
 sought. Intervention after trial or after judgment for purposes of a
 motion under Rules 50, 59, or 60, or an appeal may be allowed upon
 motion. The court's determination upon a motion to intervene
 shall be interlocutory for all purposes unless made final under
 Trial Rule 54(B).

 (emphasis added).

[8] The Plan argues that it has a right to mandatory intervention under Trial Rule

 24(A)(2). The Plan contends that it meets all of the requirements for mandatory

 intervention: (1) it has an interest in the subject of the action; (2) disposition in

 the action may as a practical matter impede protection of that interest; and (3)

 representation of the interest by existing parties is inadequate. In re Paternity of

 Duran, 900 N.E.2d 454, 467 (Ind. Ct. App. 2009). The timeliness of the request

 to intervene is another factor which must also be considered. Id.

[9] Although Trial Rule 24(C) expressly provides for intervention after a judgment

 for purposes of filing a motion for relief from judgment under Trial Rule 60(B),

 it has been held that such post-judgment motions to intervene are disfavored,

 and are appropriate only in "extraordinary and unusual circumstances," where

 the rights of the proposed intervenor cannot otherwise be protected.

 Citimortgage, Inc. v. Barabas, 975 N.E.2d 805, 816 (Ind. 2012).

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 [10] A motion for permissive intervention is obviously directed to the discretion of

 the trial court, but a motion for intervention as of right does not pose a pure

 question of law. Id. (citing Llewellyn v. Beasley, 415 N.E.2d 789, 792 (Ind. Ct.

 App. 1981)). Instead, "‘[d]eterminations as to intervention as a matter of right

 under T.R. 24(A)(2) must be classed as a mixed question of law and fact.'" Id.

[11] The party seeking intervention bears the burden of meeting the requirements of

 Trial Rule 24(A)(2). See Barabas, 975 N.E.2d at 812. The trial court has

 discretion to determine whether a prospective intervenor has met this burden,

 we review the trial court's ruling on a motion to intervene for abuse of

 discretion and assume that all facts alleged in the motion are true. Id.

[12] Here, it is clear that the Plan has "an interest relating to a property, fund or

 transaction which is the subject of the action." T.R. 24(A)(2). Husband's

 pension is clearly marital property subject to distribution in the dissolution

 action. See Ind. Code § 31-9-2-98(b)(1) & (2) (defining "property" for purposes

 of marital dissolution to include "a present right to withdraw pension or

 retirement benefits" and "the right to receive pension or retirement benefits that

 are not forfeited upon termination of employment or that are vested . . . but that

 are payable after the dissolution of marriage[.]"); In re Marriage of Nickels, 834

 N.E.2d 1091, 1097 (Ind. Ct. App. 2005) (noting that pension benefits are

 marital property if the benefits are not forfeited at the termination of

 employment, or the benefits are vested and payable before or after the

 dissolution).

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 [13] Moreover, it appears that the disposition of the dissolution action might, as a

 practical matter, impair or impede the Plan's ability to protect its interest in the

 property. Indeed, the Plan is the administrator of these pension benefits and

 obviously has an interest in the distribution of the pension benefits: if Wife is

 deemed to be Husband's widow she will receive his pension benefits, but if she

 is deemed to have been divorced she will receive no pension benefits.1

[14] This leads us to the question of whether the Plan's interests were adequately

 represented by the existing parties. The Plan argues that the Estate had no

 motive to represent the Plan's interests regarding the pension. We agree. If Wife

 is considered to be Husband's ex-spouse and receives no pension, this result

 does not injure or impair the Estate. If Wife is considered to be Husband's

 widow, then she would be entitled to pension benefits as a widow; this result

 also does not injure or impair the Estate. Therefore, although the Estate may

 have had an interest in the broader question of whether Wife was to be

 considered Husband's ex-spouse or his widow, it had no interest in the

 questions regarding the pension. Accordingly, we conclude that the trial court

 abused its discretion when it denied the Plan's motion to intervene.

[15] The Plan further argues that the trial court erred in effectively denying its

 motion to set aside and that we should reverse the trial court on this issue as

 1
 The parties agree that if Wife is not deemed to be Husband's widow, then she will receive no pension
 benefits. The Plan claims that this is because Wife expressly waived her right to the qualified survivor annuity
 at the time of Husband's retirement.

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 well. However, the trial court denied the Plan's motion to intervene, and it

 never actually ruled on the Plan's motion to set aside. Thus, the trial court

 never considered the Plan's motion to set aside on the merits, and we are not a

 court of first instance. Accordingly, we remand this cause with instructions that

 the trial court address the Plan's motion to set aside on its merits.

[16] Reversed and remanded.

 Vaidik, C.J., and Barnes, J., concur.

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