CourtListener opinion 4364134

Evidence quotes

Clean opinion text

[Cite as Nemitz v. Nemitz, 2019-Ohio-306.]

 IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
 SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
 MONTGOMERY COUNTY

 STEFANIE L. NEMITZ :
 :
 Plaintiff-Appellee : Appellate Case No. 28040
 :
 v. : Trial Court Case No. 2014-DR-00298
 :
 DONALD D. NEMITZ : (Domestic Relations Appeal)
 :
 Defendant-Appellant :
 :

 ...........

 OPINION

 Rendered on the 1st day of February, 2019.

 ...........

H. CHARLES WAGNER, Atty. Reg. No. 0031050, 424 Patterson Road, Dayton, Ohio
45419
 Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee

CHARLES D. LOWE, Atty. Reg. No. 0033209, 8087 Washington Village Drive, Suite 102,
Dayton, Ohio 45458
 Attorney for Defendant-Appellant

 .............

TUCKER, J.
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 {¶ 1} Defendant-appellant Donald Nemitz appeals from a post-divorce judgment,

which found him in contempt for failing to comply with a provision of the divorce decree

requiring him to pay his ex-wife, Stefanie Nemitz, her share of the equity in the marital

home. He also appeals the judgment insofar as it modified his parenting time and

ordered him to execute a qualified domestic relations order (QDRO) for the division of his

401(k) retirement plan.

 {¶ 2} We conclude that Mr. Nemitz's assignment of error regarding the contempt

finding resulting from his failure to pay Ms. Nemitz her share of the equity in the marital

residence is moot. We further conclude that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in

modifying parenting time. However, from our review of the record, we conclude that the

trial court abused its discretion regarding the ordered division of Mr. Nemitz's retirement

plan.

 {¶ 3} Accordingly, the judgment of the trial court will be affirmed in part, reversed

in part, and remanded to the trial court for further proceedings.

 I. Facts and Procedural History

 {¶ 4} The parties were married in 2007 and have three minor children. In August

2014, the trial court filed a final judgment and decree of divorce and a final judgment and

decree of shared parenting, which approved a shared parenting plan entered into by the

parties for the care of their minor children. The plan provided that both parents would

share the permanent custody, care, maintenance and control of their minor children and

would have equal rights and responsibilities. The plan also provided that Ms. Nemitz
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would exercise parenting time on Mondays and Thursdays, that Mr. Nemitz would

exercise parenting time on Tuesdays and Wednesdays, and that they would alternate

weekend parenting time. Ms. Nemitz's residence was designated as the legal residence

of the minor children for purposes of school placement.

 {¶ 5} The divorce decree provided that Mr. Nemitz would have exclusive use and

ownership of the marital property located at 2948 Robin Road in Kettering. The decree

required Mr. Nemitz to have an appraisal of the home performed, following which Mr.

Nemitz would pay Ms. Nemitz one-half of the equity in the home. The decree stated that

if Mr. Nemitz did not want to keep the home, or if he could not afford to pay Ms. Nemitz

her share of the equity, the house would be sold.

 {¶ 6} Finally, the decree provided that the parties would equally divide the marital

portion of their respective 401(k) retirement accounts accrued during the term of the

marriage.

 {¶ 7} In March 2017, Ms. Nemitz filed a motion to show cause, seeking to find Mr.

Nemitz in contempt for failing to reimburse her for her share of the home equity and for

failing to execute a QDRO regarding his 401(k) retirement plan. Ms. Nemitz also filed a

motion to terminate the shared parenting plan. A guardian ad litem (GAL) was

appointed.

 {¶ 8} A hearing was conducted in August 2017, at which time the GAL

recommended that Mr. Nemitz exercise parenting time from Friday after school until

Tuesday morning on alternating weeks. The magistrate noted that both parties agreed

to the GAL recommendation but that Mr. Nemitz wished to extend his parenting to include

Thursdays after school. Thus, the magistrate's decision provided that the shared
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parenting agreement would not be terminated, but would be modified to provide that

during the school year Mr. Nemitz's parenting time would occur on alternating weeks

beginning Thursday after school and ending on Tuesday morning.

 {¶ 9} Turning to the marital home, the evidence indicated that the home had been

appraised and assigned a value of $130,000. The evidence also indicated that the

mortgage indebtedness at the time of the appraisal was $92,000. The record

demonstrates that, at the time of the hearing, Mr. Nemitz had not sold the home or paid

Ms. Nemitz her share of the equity. The magistrate found that the equity in the home, at

the time of the appraisal, was $28,000 and that Mr. Nemitz should have paid Ms. Nemitz

the sum of $14,000. The magistrate found Mr. Nemitz in contempt for failing to do so.

 {¶ 10} Finally, the magistrate found that the parties had failed to cooperate with

one another concerning the division of their retirement accounts as provided for in the

decree. The magistrate noted that Ms. Nemitz had withdrawn monies from her 401(k)

account prior to executing her QDRO, and that Mr. Nemitz believed these withdrawals

should be taken into account in order to equalize the account division. The magistrate

denied Ms. Nemitz's motion to hold Mr. Nemitz in contempt, but made no other ruling

regarding the division of Mr. Nemitz's account.

 {¶ 11} Both parties filed objections to the magistrate's decision.

 {¶ 12} The trial court rendered a judgment on May 29, 2018. As to the issue of

parenting time, the trial court noted that both parties had accepted the recommendation

of the GAL regarding the modification of the shared parenting plan and that, contrary to

Mr. Nemitz's claim, Ms. Nemitz did not agree to add an additional day to Mr. Nemitz's

parenting time. The trial court thus held that the magistrate properly agreed to modify
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the shared parenting plan as to parenting time; however, the trial court ordered that Mr.

Nemitz's parenting time would be limited to visitation every other week from Friday after

school until Tuesday morning in accordance with the recommendation of the GAL.

 {¶ 13} The trial court further found that Mr. Nemitz had failed to comply with the

terms of the divorce decree regarding to the marital residence, and thus, adopted the

magistrate's decision finding him in contempt. However, the court noted that the amount

of equity in the home based upon the appraisal and the mortgage indebtedness at the

time of the appraisal was $38,000, rather than $28,000 as determined by the magistrate.

The court sentenced Mr. Nemitz to a jail term of 10 days for the contempt, but provided

that the contempt could be purged by paying Ms. Nemitz one-half of the equity, $19,000,

within 30 days.

 {¶ 14} Finally, the trial court found that the magistrate correctly determined that Mr.

Nemitz was not in contempt for having failed to file a QDRO dividing his 401(k) retirement

plan. The court found that the balance of the account, as of June 2014, was $52,000.

The court ordered him to file a QDRO equally dividing the $52,000 within 30 days.

 {¶ 15} Mr. Nemitz appeals.

 II. Parenting Time

 {¶ 16} Mr. Nemitz's first assignment of error states as follows:

 THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AS A MATTER OF LAW BY AMENDING THE

 SHARED PARENTING PLAN, ABSENT A CHANGE OF

 CIRCUMSTANCES.

 {¶ 17} Mr. Nemitz claims that the trial court erred when it modified the shared
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parenting plan without first finding a change in circumstances as required by R.C.

3109.04(E)(1). Ms. Nemitz conversely notes that a finding of changed circumstances is

not necessary when the modification solely relates to parenting time and is made under

R.C. 3109.04(E)(2)(b). In his response brief, Mr. Nemitz argues that the section of the

statute cited by Ms. Nemitz requires that a parent request a modification and that, in this

case, neither parent made such a request. Thus, he contends that the trial court was

limited to the terms of R.C. 3109.04(E)(1), which requires changed circumstances before

a court may order a parenting time modification.

 {¶ 18} We review parenting time decisions under the abuse of discretion standard.

Blessing v. Blessing, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 27353, 2017-Ohio-2878, ¶ 18. " ‘Abuse

of discretion' is a term used to indicate that a trial court's decision is unreasonable,

arbitrary or unconscionable." Id., citing Szeliga v. Szeliga, 2d Dist. Greene No. 2011-

CA-65, 2012-Ohio-1973, ¶ 12. "The knowledge a trial court gains through observing the

witnesses and the parties in a custody proceeding cannot be conveyed to a reviewing

court by a printed record. Thus, a reviewing court may not reverse a custody

determination unless the trial court has abused its discretion." Id., citing Beismann v.

Beismann, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 22323, 2008-Ohio-984, ¶ 20.

 {¶ 19} R.C. 3109.04(E) sets forth various provisions pertaining to modification of

shared parenting plans. Mr. Nemitz is correct that the modification provision contained

in R.C. 3109.04(E)(1)(a) requires a threshold finding of changed circumstances.

However, a shared parenting plan may also be modified under the provisions of R.C.

3109.04(E)(1)(b), R.C. 3109.04(E)(2)(a), and R.C. 3109.04(E)(2)(b).

 {¶ 20} Of relevance to this case, R.C. 3109.04(E)(2)(b) provides:
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 The court may modify the terms of the plan for shared parenting approved

 by the court and incorporated by it into the shared parenting decree upon

 its own motion at any time if the court determines that the modifications are

 in the best interest of the children or upon the request of one or both of the

 parents under the decree. Modifications under this division may be made at

 any time. The court shall not make any modification to the plan under this

 division, unless the modification is in the best interest of the children.

 {¶ 21} This court has held that a modification of parenting time under this statutory

section does not require a showing of a change in circumstances. Gessner v. Gessner,

2d Dist. Miami No. 2017-CA-6, 2017-Ohio-7514. ¶ 20. Thus, we conclude that Mr.

Nemitz's argument that the trial court erred by modifying the parenting agreement in the

absence of any change in circumstances lacks merit.

 {¶ 22} Likewise, his claim that neither parent requested a modification is

inaccurate. While he correctly notes that Ms. Nemitz originally filed a motion to terminate

rather than to modify the shared parenting plan, a review of the transcript clearly

demonstrates that both parties sought a modification of Mr. Nemitz's parenting time.

Indeed, Mr. Nemitz agreed to the recommendation by the GAL regarding modification,

and he also asked the court to enlarge his parenting time during the hearing. We cannot

conclude, on this record, that the trial court abused its discretion by its modification of the

shared parenting plan.

 {¶ 23} The first assignment of error is overruled.

 III. Equity in Marital Home
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 {¶ 24} Mr. Nemitz's second assignment of error provides:

 THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AS A MATTER OF LAW BY FINDING

 DONALD IN CONTEMPT OF COURT FOR HIS FAILURE TO PAY

 STEFANIE HER SHARE OF THE EQUITY IN THE ROBIN ROAD

 PROPERTY.

 {¶ 25} In this assignment of error, Mr. Nemitz asserts that the trial court erred in

finding him in contempt for his failure to pay Ms. Nemitz her share of the marital home

equity. He contends that the trial court abused its discretion in concluding that the

decree set a time limit for making the payment. Ms. Nemitz counters that the appeal

from the contempt finding is moot and should be dismissed. Both parties agree that Mr.

Nemitz has paid Ms. Nemitz the amount ordered by the trial court.

 {¶ 26} In Darr v. Livingston, 2017-Ohio-841, 85 N.E.3d 1260 (10th Dist.), the Tenth

District Court of Appeals addressed a fact pattern similar to this case, and stated:

 An issue becomes moot when it presents only a hypothetical or

 academic question, and a judicial resolution of the issue would have no

 practical significance. State ex rel. Ford v. Ruehlman, 149 Ohio St.3d 34,

 2016-Ohio-3529, 73 N.E.3d 396, ¶ 55. " ‘It has been long and well

 established that it is the duty of every judicial tribunal to decide actual

 controversies between parties legitimately affected by specific facts and

 render judgment which can be carried into effect.' " Cincinnati Gas & Elec.

 Co. v. Pub. Utilities Comm., 103 Ohio St.3d 398, 2004-Ohio-5466, 816

 N.E.2d 238, ¶ 17, quoting Fortner v. Thomas, 22 Ohio St.2d 13, 14, 257

 N.E.2d 371 (1970). Consequently, when an appellate court discovers that
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an event has occurred that renders moot one of the questions in the case

before it, that court must dismiss the part of the case that has become moot.

Hagerman v. Dayton, 147 Ohio St. 313, 71 N.E.2d 246 (1947), paragraph

one of the syllabus.

 As a general matter, contempt occurs when a party disobeys a court

order. State ex rel. Corn v. Russo, 90 Ohio St.3d 551, 554, 740 N.E.2d

265 (2001). Courts classify contempt rulings as either civil or criminal in

nature. Id. In cases of civil contempt, a court imposes a sanction with the

purpose to coerce a party in violation of a court order to comply with the

order for the benefit of the complaining party. Liming v. Damos, 133 Ohio

St.3d 509, 2012-Ohio-4783, 979 N.E.2d 297, ¶ 12. Thus, civil contempt is

characterized by a conditional sanction, i.e., the contemnor faces

imprisonment unless he purges himself of the contempt by complying with

the court order. Id.; accord Brown v. Executive 200, Inc., 64 Ohio St.2d 250,

253, 416 N.E.2d 610 (1980) (holding that, in cases of civil contempt,

"[p]rison sentences are conditional. The contemnor is said to carry the keys

of his prison in his own pocket, * * * since he will be freed if he agrees to do

as ordered.").

 Given the coercive purpose of a civil contempt order, an appeal of

such an order becomes moot once the contemnor complies with the

underlying court order, thus purging himself of the contempt. Hadinger v.

Hadinger, 10th Dist. No. 15AP-9, 2016-Ohio-821, * * * ¶ 9, 11; see Huffer v.

Huffer, 10th Dist. No. 09AP-574, 2010-Ohio-1223, * * * ¶ 17 ("Because the
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 purpose of civil contempt is to urge or compel the offending party to make

 a court-ordered payment, the issues regarding the contempt become moot

 when the payment is made."); Williamson v. Cooke, 10th Dist. No. 05AP-

 936, 2007-Ohio-493, * * * ¶ 12 (holding that once a party complies with the

 underlying court order, civil contempt proceedings become moot). In such

 situations, the contemnor's compliance resolves the controversy created by

 the contemnor's prior disobedience. This resolution abrogates the need

 for any judicial review of, and ruling on, the controversy. See Grundey v.

 Grundey, 10th Dist. No. 13AP-224, 2014-Ohio-91, 2014 WL 117413, ¶ 20

 ("Because an appellate court must decide only actual controversies, ‘it may

 not decide contempt appeals once the contemnor has purged the

 contempt.' ").

 A court may consider evidence from outside the record to determine

 whether an issue has become moot. State ex rel. Cincinnati Enquirer v.

 Dupuis, 98 Ohio St.3d 126, 2002-Ohio-7041, 781 N.E.2d 163, ¶ 8. * * *

Id. at ¶ 13-16.

 {¶ 27} As noted, Mr. Nemitz acknowledges that he has paid to Ms. Nemitz all

monies owed as equity from the marital home under the terms of the decree and as

ordered by the trial court in its judgment finding him in contempt. Thus, his argument

regarding the trial court's finding of contempt has been rendered moot.

 {¶ 28} The second assignment of error is overruled.

 IV. 401(k) Accounts
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 {¶ 29} The third assignment of error asserted by Mr. Nemitz states:

 THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AS A MATTER OF LAW BY DIRECTING

 DONALD TO PAY STEFANIE $52,000 FROM HIS 401(K) ACCOUNT TO

 EQUALIZE THEIR RETIREMENT ACCOUNTS.

 {¶ 30} Mr. Nemitz contends that the trial court erred regarding the division of the

parties' retirement accounts. In support, Mr. Nemitz claims that Ms. Nemitz withdrew

monies from her account prior to executing a QDRO, thereby inappropriately reducing his

share of the account.

 {¶ 31} Regarding the division of the 401(k) accounts, the divorce decree states:

 Each party shall be responsible for preparing any QDRO or other necessary

 means of transfer to cause any transfer of retirement benefits contemplated

 herein. The parties' respective retirement accounts shall be equally

 divided from date of marriage, April 13, 2007 through July 31, 2014. The

 parties agree to offset the balance so that only one Qualified Domestic

 Relations Order is necessary. The parties [sic] shall retain jurisdiction over

 this matter.

 {¶ 32} The decree appears to contemplate that the parties would equally divide the

portion of their respective accounts accrued during the term of the marriage. It is not

clear how the parties were to accomplish this task with the filing of only one QDRO.

 {¶ 33} In any event, during the hearing, Ms. Nemitz admitted that she had

withdrawn monies from her 401(k) retirement plan prior to the final hearing, effectively

reducing the amount of her fund by over $25,000. There was, however, no evidence

regarding the value of her account accrued during the term of the marriage. There was
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evidence that the value of the Mr. Nemitz's account as of June 2014 was $52,000. But

again, there was no evidence presented regarding the amount of the account accrued

during the term of the marriage.

 {¶ 34} The trial court ordered Mr. Nemitz to equally divide the entirety of the

$52,000 despite the lack of evidence to demonstrate what portion of this amount was

accrued during the marriage. The trial court also failed to address Mr. Nemitz's

contention that Ms. Nemitz had depleted her fund prior to executing her QDRO.

 {¶ 35} We agree with the finding that Mr. Nemitz could not be held in contempt,

since it was apparent that he did not receive appropriate documentation from Ms. Nemitz

regarding her account. However, based upon this record, we must conclude that the trial

court abused its discretion by requiring Mr. Nemitz to divide the $52,000 in his retirement

account without determining whether the entire amount was accrued during the marriage

and without determining whether he was entitled to an offset due to Ms. Nemitz's

withdrawals.

 {¶ 36} Accordingly, the third assignment of error is sustained.

 V. Conclusion

 {¶ 37} Mr. Nemitz's first and second assignments of error being overruled and his

third assignment of error being sustained, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed in

part, reversed in part, and remanded for further proceedings consistent with the opinion.

 .............

DONOVAN, J. and HALL, J., concur.
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Copies sent to:

H. Charles Wagner
Charles D. Lowe
Hon. Denise L. Cross