CourtListener opinion 9905763

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[Until this opinion appears in the Ohio Official Reports advance sheets, it may be cited as
Columbus Bar Assn. v. Bulson, Slip Opinion No. 2023-Ohio-4258.]

 NOTICE
 This slip opinion is subject to formal revision before it is published in an
 advance sheet of the Ohio Official Reports. Readers are requested to
 promptly notify the Reporter of Decisions, Supreme Court of Ohio, 65
 South Front Street, Columbus, Ohio 43215, of any typographical or other
 formal errors in the opinion, in order that corrections may be made before
 the opinion is published.

 SLIP OPINION NO. 2023-OHIO-4258
 COLUMBUS BAR ASSOCIATION v. BULSON.
 [Until this opinion appears in the Ohio Official Reports advance sheets, it
 may be cited as Columbus Bar Assn. v. Bulson, Slip Opinion No.
 2023-Ohio-4258.]
Attorneys—Misconduct—Violations of the Rules of Professional Conduct—
 Suspension for 18 months with 12 months conditionally stayed.
 (No. 2023-0470—Submitted June 27, 2023—Decided November 30, 2023.)
 ON CERTIFIED REPORT by the Board of Professional Conduct of the Supreme
 Court, No. 2022-032.
 __________________
 Per Curiam.
 {¶ 1} Respondent, Douglas W. Bulson Jr., of Columbus, Ohio, Attorney
Registration No. 0020983, was admitted to the practice of law in Ohio in 1973.
 {¶ 2} In December 2005, we suspended Bulson's license after he failed to
timely register as an attorney for the 2005-2007 attorney-registration biennium, and
we reinstated it ten days later. See In re Attorney Registration Suspension of
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Bulson, 107 Ohio St.3d 1431, 2005-Ohio-6408, 838 N.E.2d 671, reinstatement
granted, 107 Ohio St.3d 1705, 2006-Ohio-13, 840 N.E.2d 209. In May 2020, we
found that Bulson had neglected three client matters, failed to reasonably
communicate with those clients, improperly managed his client trust account, failed
to return unearned fees and property to his clients, and failed to cooperate in the
ensuing disciplinary investigations. Columbus Bar Assn. v. Bulson, 160 Ohio St.3d
208, 2020-Ohio-3001, 155 N.E.3d 843, ¶ 6-15. We imposed a conditionally stayed
18-month suspension for that misconduct. Id. at ¶ 34.
 {¶ 3} In a September 2022 amended complaint, relator, Columbus Bar
Association, alleged that Bulson had committed multiple ethical violations by (1)
neglecting a client's legal matter for more than nine years, (2) failing to reasonably
communicate with the client, and (3) failing to comply with a prior order of this
court. The parties entered into stipulations of fact.
 {¶ 4} The matter proceeded to a hearing before a three-member panel of the
Board of Professional Conduct. The panel heard testimony from Bulson and two
other witnesses and admitted 26 exhibits—20 of which were stipulated to by the
parties. At the close of the evidence, the panel unanimously dismissed the third
count of relator's amended complaint.
 {¶ 5} The panel issued a report finding that Bulson had committed the
misconduct alleged in the first two counts of relator's amended complaint and
recommending that he be suspended from the practice of law for 18 months with
12 months stayed, that conditions be placed on his reinstatement, and that upon
reinstatement he be required to serve a one-year period of monitored probation.
The panel rejected relator's request for a recommendation that Bulson be ordered
to pay restitution to his client. The board adopted the panel's findings of fact,
conclusions of law, and recommended sanction.
 {¶ 6} Relator objects to the board's recommendation that no restitution be
awarded in this case and to a procedural ruling regarding the appropriate role of bar

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counsel in litigating disciplinary proceedings to the hearing panel. For the reasons
that follow, we overrule relator's objections and adopt the board's findings of
misconduct and the recommended sanction.
 MISCONDUCT
 {¶ 7} Bulson represented Amy Shepherd1 in a Madison County domestic-
relations case. On January 8, 2013, the domestic-relations court issued an agreed
judgment entry ordering Shepherd's former husband to execute a qualified
domestic relations order ("QDRO") to be prepared by Bulson that would effectuate
the transfer of $19,427 to Shepherd from her former husband's 401(k) account.
 {¶ 8} Bulson did not take the necessary actions to finalize the QDRO for
more than eight years notwithstanding Shepherd's frequent inquiries and attempts
to contact him. In April 2021, he promised Shepherd that the QDRO would be
finalized within 30 days. After making that commitment, Bulson did not accept or
return Shepherd's phone calls.
 {¶ 9} Shepherd filed a grievance with relator in June 2021 which relator
forwarded with a letter of inquiry to Bulson in August. In his October 2021 written
response, Bulson acknowledged his delay in preparing the QDRO, described his
recent but unsuccessful efforts to recover computer files regarding the matter, and
stated that "the next step is to submit the draft QDRO to the pension administrator
for pre-approval." He stated that he expected the approval process to "take up to
thirty days" and that once he received it, he would send the original QDRO to
opposing counsel for the required signatures and then file the document with the
court. But at the time Bulson offered that explanation to relator, he had not yet
submitted the QDRO to the pension administrator for preapproval.
 {¶ 10} In April 2022, the domestic-relations-court judge signed and entered
the QDRO assigning Shepherd $19,427 of her former husband's vested account

1. Shepherd has since remarried and is now known as Amy Maggard.

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balance. Nearly a month later, the pension administrator acknowledged receipt of
the QDRO and informed Bulson that it would review the order to confirm that the
QDRO qualified. The money was finally transferred to Shepherd in November
2022—more than nine years after the domestic-relations court awarded $19,427 to
her.
 {¶ 11} During Bulson's disciplinary hearing, Shepherd testified that over
the nine years that Bulson had represented her, he hardly ever returned her phone
calls and that she had seldom received substantive responses to the emails she sent
him.
 {¶ 12} The board found by clear and convincing evidence that Bulson had
violated Prof.Cond.R. 1.3 (requiring a lawyer to act with reasonable diligence in
representing a client), 1.4(a)(2) (requiring a lawyer to reasonably consult with a
client about the means by which the client's objectives are to be accomplished),
1.4(a)(3) (requiring a lawyer to keep a client reasonably informed about the status
of a matter), and 1.4(a)(4) (requiring a lawyer to comply as soon as practicable with
a client's reasonable requests for information).
 RECOMMENDED SANCTION
 {¶ 13} When imposing sanctions for attorney misconduct, we consider all
relevant factors, including the ethical duties that the lawyer violated, the
aggravating and mitigating factors listed in Gov.Bar R. V(13), and the sanctions
imposed in similar cases.
 {¶ 14} Three aggravating factors are present in this case: (1) Bulson's prior
discipline, (2) his pattern of misconduct over a period of years, and (3) the
vulnerability of and resulting harm to Shepherd. See Gov.Bar R. V(13)(B)(1), (3),
and (8). Mitigating factors consist of the absence of a dishonest or selfish motive
and Bulson's full and free disclosure to the board and cooperative attitude toward
the proceedings. See Gov.Bar R. V(13)(C)(2) and (4).

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 {¶ 15} In determining the appropriate sanction for Bulson's misconduct, the
board considered seven cases in which we imposed term suspensions of varying
lengths, some of which were stayed in full or in part on various conditions. See,
e.g., Disciplinary Counsel v. Hillman, 168 Ohio St.3d 160, 2022-Ohio-447, 197
N.E.3d 503 (imposing a conditionally stayed two-year suspension on an attorney—
with prior discipline for conduct unrelated to his clients—who failed to keep a client
reasonably informed about the status of a matter and failed to diligently comply
with proper discovery requests); Disciplinary Counsel v. Barbera, 165 Ohio St.3d
502, 2021-Ohio-2209, 180 N.E.3d 1056 (imposing an 18-month suspension with
12 months conditionally stayed on a previously disciplined attorney who neglected
a client's legal matter, failed to comply with the client's reasonable requests for
information, and failed to promptly deliver the client's property on the termination
of his representation); Lorain Cty. Bar Assn. v. Lewis, 164 Ohio St.3d 147, 2021-
Ohio-805, 172 N.E.3d 139 (imposing a two-year suspension with no stay on an
attorney twice disciplined for dishonest conduct who failed to communicate with
and diligently represent a client in a domestic-relations matter).
 {¶ 16} The board found that the facts of this case are most analogous to
those of Disciplinary Counsel v. Engel, 154 Ohio St.3d 209, 2018-Ohio-2988, 113
N.E.3d 481. Like Bulson, Engel neglected a single client matter, failed to keep the
client reasonably informed about the status of her legal matter and to comply with
her reasonable requests for information, and had previously been disciplined for
similar misconduct. Id. at ¶ 2-3, 6. Engel also engaged in additional misconduct
by failing to promptly refund his unearned $500 retainer and failing to cooperate in
the resulting disciplinary investigation. Id. at ¶ 7-8. We suspended Engel from the
practice of law for two years with 18 months stayed on the condition that he engage
in no further misconduct, placed conditions on his reinstatement to the profession
related to his mental health, and on reinstatement to the practice of law ordered him
to serve a two-year period of monitored probation. Id. at ¶ 31-33. Although the

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board acknowledged that Engel's misconduct was broader in scope than Bulson's,
it noted that Bulson's misconduct occurred over a much longer period of time and
caused significant harm to his client who was deprived of $19,427 for more than
nine years.
 {¶ 17} Recognizing that the fully stayed suspension we imposed for
Bulson's prior misconduct did not adequately protect the public, the board
concluded that Bulson's misconduct in this case warrants a period of actual
suspension. It therefore recommends that we suspend Bulson from the practice of
law for 18 months with 12 months stayed. The board further recommends that
Bulson's reinstatement be conditioned on his completion of three hours of
continuing legal education ("CLE") in addition to the requirements of Gov.Bar R.
X and focused on law-office management, and that upon reinstatement he be
required to serve a one-year period of monitored probation. Neither party objects
to the board's findings of misconduct or the recommended sanction. After a
thorough review of the record and our applicable precedent, we adopt the board's
findings of misconduct and the recommended sanction.
 RESTITUTION IS NOT APPROPRIATE IN THIS CASE
 {¶ 18} During the panel hearing, relator argued that Bulson should be
ordered to pay restitution to compensate Shepherd for the nine years of investment
income she lost on the QDRO settlement as a result of Bulson's neglect. To that
end, relator presented the testimony of a financial advisor and three exhibits
demonstrating the growth that Shepherd's $19,427 QDRO settlement could have
generated from September 1, 2013, through December 31, 2022, had the QDRO
settlement been timely transferred to Shepherd and deposited into one of five
different investment funds that employed different investment strategies ranging
from conservative to aggressive. The financial advisor offered an exhibit showing
that if Shepherd's QDRO settlement had been placed in one of those funds,
Shepherd would have earned at least $7,917.70 and as much as $34,748.76.

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 {¶ 19} In its report, the board noted that during closing argument, relator's
counsel was asked for a precise restitution figure and that she stated in response:
"Our hope was that by providing you [with] highs and lows—aggressive, very
conservative, and somewhere in between—that you would end up somewhere in
between. It's hard to say what [Shepherd] would have invested in." The board
stated that "[r]elator could have questioned Shepherd about her investment strategy
or how she may have invested the [QDRO settlement] had [it] been provided to her
in a more timely fashion" and that relator "could have questioned Shepherd about
the amount of legal fees she [had] paid to [Bulson] as a further means of
establishing a restitution figure." But the board found that no evidence was
presented to the panel on those issues. Although Shepherd testified that she would
have rolled the QDRO settlement into her employment 401(k) plan if she had timely
received it, relator offered no evidence regarding the historical performance of that
plan.
 {¶ 20} The board found that the evidence of "damages [or] restitution"
based on lost investment income was "speculative at best and a more proper subject
of a civil malpractice action." And it concluded that "[a]bsent any clear and
convincing evidence on [the amount of lost investment income] or the restitution
that is more typically ordered in a disciplinary matter (e.g., unearned legal fees), [it
was] unable to recommend that [Bulson] be required to make restitution."
 {¶ 21} Relator objects to the board's failure to recommend that Bulson be
required to make restitution to Shepherd despite having acknowledged that
Bulson's misconduct harmed Shepherd by depriving her of access to the QDRO
settlement for many years. Yet relator offers no citation to any attorney-discipline
case in which this court has ever made such an award—and we have not found any
in our research. Furthermore, we are not convinced that the remedy relator seeks
is truly restitution.

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 {¶ 22} Restitution "is a remedy ‘in which the measure of recovery is
usu[ally] based not on the plaintiff's loss, but on the defendant's gain.' " (Brackets
sic.) Cirino v. Bur. of Workers' Comp., 153 Ohio St.3d 333, 2018-Ohio-2665, 106
N.E.3d 41, ¶ 26, quoting Black's Law Dictionary 1507 (10th Ed.2014). This
definition comports with our practice of awarding restitution to clients adversely
affected by an attorney's misconduct. Those awards of restitution—as the board
acknowledged in its report—generally consist of an order that the attorney return
unearned fees or retainers, though they may also consist of fees that have been
determined to have been clearly excessive, or funds that the attorney has received
on behalf of a client or others but failed to disburse. See, e.g., Toledo Bar Assn. v.
Berling, 160 Ohio St.3d 90, 2020-Ohio-2838, 153 N.E.3d 83 (ordering attorney to
make restitution of unearned fees totaling $30,200 to seven clients); Columbus Bar
Assn. v. Kizer, 123 Ohio St.3d 188, 2009-Ohio-4763, 915 N.E.2d 314 (ordering
attorney to make restitution of unearned fees to four clients); Medina Cty. Bar Assn.
v. Buzzelli, 168 Ohio St.3d 661, 2022-Ohio-2470, 200 N.E.3d 1097 (ordering
attorney to pay restitution of $7,860 to client for work that was not performed but
that was billed in an attempt to justify retention of the client's entire $15,000
retainer); Akron Bar Assn. v. Carr, 131 Ohio St.3d 210, 2012-Ohio-610, 963 N.E.2d
802 (finding that attorney charged a clearly excessive fee by collecting $6,750 in
payments from his client and retaining $7,250 of the $7,500 settlement he
negotiated on his client's behalf and ordering the attorney to make restitution of
$7,250); Disciplinary Counsel v. Darling, 167 Ohio St.3d 382, 2022-Ohio-870, 192
N.E.3d 487 (ordering an attorney to make restitution of $8,835 to client's
chiropractor after the attorney misappropriated personal-injury-settlement funds
that had been earmarked to pay the chiropractor's bill for the client's treatment).
 {¶ 23} In this case, relator has characterized its desired remedy as
restitution, but it does not seek to prevent Bulson from being unjustly enriched.
Rather, relator seeks an award of damages to compensate Shepherd for the financial

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harm that Bulson's misconduct has caused her. See, e.g., Black's at 471 (defining
"damages" as "[m]oney claimed by, or ordered to be paid to, a person as
compensation for loss or injury"). While relators in attorney-discipline proceedings
are authorized to seek restitution that may be owed to persons affected by an
attorney's misconduct, see Gov.Bar R. V(10)(E)(1)(b), no rule authorizes them to
seek damages on behalf of persons harmed by an attorney's misconduct.
 {¶ 24} On occasion, we have required disciplined attorneys to make
"restitution" of amounts equal to the judgment entered against them or the
settlement agreed to by them in legal-malpractice actions directly related to their
misconduct. See, e.g., Disciplinary Counsel v. Ferfolia, 170 Ohio St.3d 468, 2022-
Ohio-4220, 214 N.E.3d 554 (ordering an attorney to pay the balance of the default
judgment entered against him in his former clients' legal-malpractice action as a
condition of his stayed suspension); Disciplinary Counsel v. Corley, 160 Ohio St.3d
324, 2020-Ohio-3303, 156 N.E.3d 882 (ordering an attorney to make restitution to
a former client of an amount almost equal to the judgment entered against him after
he breached the settlement of a legal-malpractice action filed by the former client);
Warren Cty. Bar Assn. v. Brenner, 159 Ohio St.3d 367, 2020-Ohio-142, 151 N.E.3d
546 (ordering attorney to make restitution to former client in amount of default
judgment entered against attorney in legal-malpractice action); Lake Cty. Bar Assn.
v. Troy, 130 Ohio St.3d 110, 2011-Ohio-4913, 955 N.E.2d 1007 (ordering an
attorney to pay restitution equal to the amount of the legal-malpractice judgment
against him); Disciplinary Counsel v. Freeman, 51 Ohio St.3d 98, 554 N.E.2d 1320
(1990) (ordering an attorney to make restitution to a client in the amount he agreed
to pay in settlement of the client's legal-malpractice action against him).
 {¶ 25} As part of the sanction in each of those cases, we ordered the
disciplined attorney to comply with a lawful judgment issued against that attorney
in a separate proceeding initiated by the attorney's aggrieved clients, in which the
aggrieved clients had had an opportunity to present evidence regarding the full

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nature and extent of their damages occasioned by the attorney's misconduct.2
However, aggrieved clients like Shepherd are not parties to and have no opportunity
to independently present evidence in an attorney-discipline proceeding. Nor are
relators who are charged with investigating and prosecuting allegations of attorney
misconduct the proper parties to make those arguments on behalf of the aggrieved
clients. Simply stated, an attorney-discipline proceeding is not a proper substitute
for a legal-malpractice action.
 {¶ 26} In the absence of a legal-malpractice judgment against Bulson, the
board properly rejected relator's request for an award of damages to compensate
Shepherd for the financial harm that Bulson's misconduct has caused her.
Therefore, relator's first objection is overruled.
DISPUTE REGARDING THE APPROPRIATE ROLE OF BAR COUNSEL
 IN LITIGATING DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS TO THE HEARING
 PANEL
 {¶ 27} The duties of bar counsel are set forth in Gov.Bar R. V(6)(C).
Division (5) of that rule provides that one of bar counsel's duties is "[s]erving as
designated lead counsel of record in each formal complaint filed with the Board
after January 1, 2021, by the bar counsel's certified grievance committee." The
rule specifies that the "designation as lead counsel requires bar counsel to
participate personally and substantially in the post-complaint adjudication process"
and provides an illustrative list of those duties, which includes "attending and
litigating the case before the hearing panel."

2. In a similar vein, we have twice ordered disciplined attorneys to make restitution of amounts that
other courts have ordered the disciplined attorneys' clients to pay as a direct result of the attorneys'
charged misconduct. See Disciplinary Counsel v. Peck, 150 Ohio St.3d 130, 2017-Ohio-2961, 79
N.E.3d 545 (ordering an attorney to make restitution to a former client in an amount equal to the
default judgment entered against the client as a direct result of the attorney's incompetent
representation and neglect); Disciplinary Counsel v. Broeren, 115 Ohio St.3d 473, 2007-Ohio-5251,
875 N.E.2d 935 (ordering an attorney to make restitution of $1,000 plus judgment interest as
restitution for the discovery and contempt sanctions that a client was ordered to pay as a direct result
of the attorney's misconduct).

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 {¶ 28} Gov.Bar R. V(6)(C)(5) further provides:

 Bar counsel may delegate some aspects of discovery, pleading
 preparation, or hearing presentation to assistant bar counsel or
 volunteer certified grievance committee members, provided that all
 of the following requirements are met:
 (a) The attorney to whom responsibilities are delegated is
 identified as counsel in the case;
 (b) Bar counsel directly supervises the attorney to whom
 responsibilities are delegated;
 (c) Bar counsel remains primarily responsible for litigating
 the case to the hearing panel.

 {¶ 29} In this case, Kent Markus, bar counsel for relator, was present at the
panel hearing but was not seated at the trial table. In its report to this court, the
board stated that Markus, "in contravention of Gov.Bar R. V, Section 6(C)(5),
advised the panel * * *, ‘I don't expect to participate in the hearing other than
watching the show.' " The hearing transcript shows that the panel chair who
presided over Bulson's disciplinary hearing interpreted Gov.Bar R. V(6)(C)(5) to
require bar counsel, as the lead trial lawyer of a certified grievance committee, to
litigate the case to the panel. Markus, on the other hand, represented to the panel
that he had "significantly participated in every aspect of this case" and expressed
his understanding that the rule did not require him to litigate the hearing himself as
long as he ensured that the presentation was effective, appropriate, and complete.
 {¶ 30} The board reported that the panel considered the rule and, in lieu of
continuing the hearing or dismissing the action, the panel allowed Deputy Bar
Counsel Holly N. Wolf and volunteer certified-grievance-committee member
Daniel R. Mordarski to proceed on relator's behalf. The board also indicated that

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this had been the second panel hearing in which Markus refused to comply with
Gov.Bar R. V(6)(C)(5).
 {¶ 31} In its second objection to the board's report, relator "seeks
clarification" from this court regarding the proper interpretation of Gov.Bar R.
V(6)(C)(5). However, the resolution of the apparent conflict between the
interpretations of the panel chair and relator will have no impact on the outcome of
this disciplinary case. It is well settled that this court does not issue advisory
opinions. State ex rel. White v. Kilbane Koch, 96 Ohio St.3d 395, 2002-Ohio-4848,
775 N.E.2d 508, ¶ 18, citing State ex rel. Baldzicki v. Cuyahoga Cty. Bd. of
Elections, 90 Ohio St.3d 238, 242, 736 N.E.2d 893 (2000), and Egan v. Natl.
Distillers & Chem. Corp., 25 Ohio St.3d 176, 495 N.E.2d 904 (1986), syllabus. We
therefore overrule relator's second objection.
 {¶ 32} We note, however, that Gov.Bar R. V(2)(D) expressly authorizes the
board to issue nonbinding advisory opinions in response to prospective or
hypothetical questions regarding the application of the Supreme Court Rules for the
Government of the Bar of Ohio. If relator desires such an opinion, it may file a
written request with the director of the board under the Board of Professional
Conduct of the Supreme Court of Ohio Procedural Regulation 15.
 CONCLUSION
 {¶ 33} Accordingly, relator's objections to the board's report are overruled
and Douglas W. Bulson Jr. is hereby suspended from the practice of law in Ohio
for 18 months with 12 months stayed on the condition that he commit no further
misconduct. If Bulson fails to comply with the condition of the stay, the stay will
be revoked and he will be required to serve the full 18-month suspension. In
addition to the requirements for reinstatement set forth in Gov.Bar R. V(24), Bulson
shall be required to submit proof that he has completed three hours of CLE focused
on law-office management in addition to the CLE requirements of Gov.Bar R. X.
Upon reinstatement, Bulson shall be required to serve a one-year period of

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monitored probation in accordance with Gov.Bar R. V(21). Costs are taxed to
Bulson.
 Judgment accordingly.
 DEWINE, DONNELLY, and STEWART, JJ., concur.
 KENNEDY, C.J., concurs in part and dissents in part, with an opinion.
 FISCHER, J., concurs in part and dissents in part, with an opinion joined by
DETERS, J.
 BRUNNER, J., not participating.
 _________________
 KENNEDY, C.J., concurring in part and dissenting in part.
 {¶ 34} I agree with the majority opinion and the sanction of an 18-month
suspension of respondent, Douglas W. Bulson Jr., from the practice of law, with 12
months of that suspension stayed on the condition that he commit no further
misconduct. I part ways with the majority only with regard to the term of monitored
probation. I would impose conditions on the monitored probation. Because the
majority does not, I dissent in part.
 {¶ 35} Conditions on probation are an essential part of Ohio's attorney-
discipline system. See Disciplinary Counsel v. Halligan, 157 Ohio St.3d 447,
2019-Ohio-3748, 137 N.E.3d 1141, ¶ 43 (Kennedy, J., concurring in part and
dissenting in part). Recently, in Disciplinary Counsel v. Shaaban, ___ Ohio St.3d
___, 2023-Ohio-3671, ___ N.E.3d. ___, ¶ 56, this court included in the attorney's
sanction "an 18-month period of monitored probation in accordance with Gov.Bar
R. V(21) focused on general oversight of his practice." Shaaban had engaged in a
wide variety of misconduct involving several clients, including sharing fees with a
nonlawyer, failing to act with reasonable diligence and promptness, failing to
appear at multiple court hearings, failing to reasonably communicate with his
clients, filing pleadings alleging defenses that he should have known did not apply
to the facts of the case, and making false statements to courts and opposing counsel.

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The breadth of Shaaban's misconduct meant that a more general review of his
practice by the monitoring attorney during Shaaban's probation was appropriate.
Although the monitoring attorney's review of Shaaban's practice is general, the
condition imposed by this court was specific.
 {¶ 36} Here, Bulson violated several conduct rules, but all were related to
the representation of a single client and his failure to communicate with her and to
exercise diligence in representing her. The majority imposes a "one-year period of
monitored probation" with no conditions. Majority opinion, ¶ 33. Here, more
detailed conditions would benefit Bulson, give guidance to the monitoring attorney,
and provide greater protection to the public. "Specific conditions of probation" and
"[e]stablishing expectations for a respondent and his or her monitoring attorney"
are "also what the Rules for the Government of the Bar require." Columbus Bar
Assn. v. Christensen, 159 Ohio St.3d 374, 2020-Ohio-167, 151 N.E.3d 552, ¶ 35
(Kennedy, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part); see also Gov.Bar R.
V(21)(B)(1) ("[t]he monitoring attorney shall * * * [m]onitor compliance by the
respondent with the conditions of probation imposed by the Supreme Court").
 {¶ 37} Therefore, I would impose the following conditions on Bulson's
monitored probation: (1) each month, Bulson shall give the monitoring attorney all
the fee agreements that he enters into with clients so that the monitoring attorney
can review them; (2) each month, the relator or monitoring attorney shall randomly
review files of Bulson's active cases to ensure his compliance with the Rules of
Professional Conduct; and (3) Bulson, with the monitoring attorney, shall design a
comprehensive plan to ensure that he is reasonably diligent in the representation of
his clients. In the event that Bulson does not act with reasonable diligence in
representing his clients, the relator or monitoring attorney may limit the number of
active cases that he may maintain.
 {¶ 38} Because the majority imposes no conditions on the monitored
probation, I dissent in part.

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 _________________
 FISCHER, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part.
 {¶ 39} I agree with the per curiam opinion's imposition of an 18-month
suspension, with 12 months of that suspension stayed, and a one-year period of
monitored probation. But unlike the first opinion concurring in part and dissenting
in part, I believe that a general term of monitored probation is appropriate, and I do
not believe that this court should set forth specific conditions for that probation.
See Disciplinary Counsel v. Halligan, 157 Ohio St.3d 447, 2019-Ohio-3748, 137
N.E.3d 1141 (Fischer, J., concurring). In this case, a general term of monitored
probation is not only allowed under the Rules for the Government of the Bar, see
id. at ¶ 31-35 (Fischer, J., concurring), but is necessary, because respondent,
Douglas W. Bulson Jr., has been disciplined multiple times for a range of violations,
including neglecting client matters, failing to reasonably communicate with clients,
improperly managing his client trust account, and failing to return unearned fees
and property to his clients. As my opinion in Halligan explains, a general term of
probation without specific conditions allows us to keep a disciplined lawyer " ‘ on
a short leash.' " Id. at ¶ 36 (Fischer, J., concurring), quoting Disciplinary Counsel
v. Sarver, 155 Ohio St.3d 100, 2018-Ohio-4717, 119 N.E.3d 405, ¶ 47 (Fischer, J.,
concurring in part and dissenting in part). Therefore, I agree with the per curiam
opinion on the imposition of a suspension and a general term of monitored
probation.
 {¶ 40} However, I disagree with the decision not to impose restitution.
While the per curiam opinion states that restitution is based not on the client's loss
but on the attorney's gain, the case that the per curiam cites for that principle is not
an attorney-discipline case, see Cirino v. Bur. of Workers' Comp., 153 Ohio St.3d
333, 2018-Ohio-2665, 106 N.E.3d 41, ¶ 26, and we have ordered restitution in the
past that goes beyond the attorney's unlawful gain. For example, in Toledo Bar
Assn. v. Berling, 160 Ohio St.3d 90, 2020-Ohio-2838, 153 N.E.3d 83, we ordered

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the disciplined attorney, Mark Berling, to pay restitution for his client's payment to
a different attorney, whom she was forced to hire shortly before trial at a substantial
cost to her, because of Berling's misconduct. Id. at ¶ 18, 20, 41. Likewise, in
Lorain Cty. Bar Assn. v. Lewis, 164 Ohio St.3d 147, 2021-Ohio-805, 172 N.E.3d
139, a case similar to this one, the disciplined attorney, Kenneth Lewis, paid
restitution that included reimbursement for the cost of the attorney that the client
had hired to prepare qualified domestic relations orders ("QDRO") after Lewis
failed to do so. Id. at ¶ 5, 8.
 {¶ 41} While lost investment income may not normally be a part of
reasonable restitution, in this case, that restitution is justified due to the
extraordinary delay. Bulson's client, Amy Shepherd, was deprived of nine years
of investment income due directly to Bulson's misconduct. Furthermore, relator
presented ample evidence of Shepherd's loss through the testimony of a financial
advisor and three exhibits demonstrating the growth that Shepherd's QDRO
settlement could have generated over the course of nine years. The board found
that the evidence presented was insufficient because relator did not request a
specific amount of restitution and did not question Shepherd about how she would
have invested the QDRO settlement had she received it right away. But the board
was presented with five different restitution amounts based on different investment
strategies ranging from conservative to aggressive. If the board were concerned
about awarding Shepherd too much restitution, it could have awarded her the lowest
amount of restitution supported by the evidence that was based on a conservative
investment strategy. Shepherd is entitled to at least that much. Therefore, I dissent
from the portion of the per curiam opinion denying restitution.
 DETERS, J., concurs in the foregoing opinion.
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 January Term, 2023

 Kent R. Markus, Bar Counsel, and Holly N. Wolf, Deputy Bar Counsel; Ice
Miller, L.L.P., and Amy E. Flowers; Mordarski Law and Daniel R. Mordarski; and
Bricker Graydon, L.L.P., and Randolph C. Wiseman, for relator.
 Douglas W. Bulson Jr., pro se.
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